41 research outputs found
A dog model using an implanted system for protracted hepatic arterial chemotherapy
A model for hepatic arterial chemotherapy studies using large dogs and an implantable infusion pump has been developed. Using this technique near complete perfusion (>90%) of the liver can be achieved in vivo as determined by hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with technitium 99m macroaggregated albumin. The system is reliable and has been in use for a total of 1353 days (mean of 104 days, range 52-239) in 13 dogs. Pump implantation causes no apparent acute liver damage based on pre- and post-operative alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase determinations and does not affect the general mobility or behavior of the animals. Careful placement of the catheter and attention to the physicochemical properties of the solutions loaded are factors contributing to the success of the model. The model permits comprehensive preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicologic studies of new or preexistent chemotherapeutic agents in the same device that will be used for later administration in human subjects. By providing the means to examine and develop new treatment modalities, it enables the design of even more potent cytotoxic therapy directed into the tumor vascular bed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25999/1/0000065.pd
The surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment
The Telescope Array (TA) experiment, located in the western desert of
Utah,USA, is designed for observation of extensive air showers from extremely
high energy cosmic rays. The experiment has a surface detector array surrounded
by three fluorescence detectors to enable simultaneous detection of shower
particles at ground level and fluorescence photons along the shower track. The
TA surface detectors and fluorescence detectors started full hybrid observation
in March, 2008. In this article we describe the design and technical features
of the TA surface detector.Comment: 32 pages, 17 figure
New air fluorescence detectors employed in the Telescope Array experiment
Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been
observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The
experiment involves a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence
detector (FD) stations. FD stations, installed surrounding the SD array,
measure the air fluorescence light emitted from extensive air showers (EASs)
for precise determination of their energies and species. The detectors employed
at one of the three FD stations were relocated from the High Resolution Fly's
Eye experiment. At the other two stations, newly designed detectors were
constructed for the TA experiment. An FD consists of a primary mirror and a
camera equipped with photomultiplier tubes. To obtain the EAS parameters with
high accuracies, understanding the FD optical characteristics is important. In
this paper, we report the characteristics and installation of new FDs and the
performances of the FD components. The results of the monitored mirror
reflectance during the observation time are also described in this report.Comment: 44 pages, 23 figures, submitted to NIM-