Presencia de agregaciones reproductivas pel\ue1gicas del poliqueto Platynereis australis (Schmarda, 1861) (Nereididae) en aguas someras subant\ue1rticas de Magallanes, Chile

Se reporta la presencia de agregaciones masivas nocturnas constituidas por individuos epítocos (heteronereidos) del poliqueto Platynereis australis asociados a praderas de Macrocystis pyrifera en varias localidades (7) en la zona de canales magallánicos y fueguinos, sur de Chile (53°-55°S, 67°-73°W), en 2006 y 2007. Los especímenes adultos presentaron cambios morfológicos en 2/3 de la parte posterior del cuerpo, presentando parapodios modificados y grandes ojos coalescentes. La región pre-natatoria consiste de 19 a 22 segmentos, mientras que la zona epítoca se compone de 60 a 90 segmentos setígeros. Los especímenes se encontraban sexualmente maduros y las hembras presentaron huevos de tamaño entre 135 y 155 µm de diámetro, indicando una madurez simultánea en la cavidad celómica de cada segmento epítoco. Las agregaciones pelágicas fueron observadas en todos los lugares visitados en primavera. Observaciones efectuadas durante otoño indicaron la presencia de heteronereidos en tubos adheridos a frondas de Macrocystis, situación que podría constituir una etapa intermedia entre la fase bentónica y pelágica. Sin embargo, se requieren mayores estudios para clarificar dicho comportamiento. Se discute la estrecha asociación entre Platynereis y los bosques de M. pyrifera en las diferentes etapas de su ciclo de vida

Reactivity of 3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol and catechol-containing phenolics in vitro

Volatile species with thiol functions are important contributors to the flavour of a wide variety of wine types. However, in spite of their importance, their fate during winemaking has not been fully elucidated. In this work, the iron-catalysed reaction between 3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol, catechol-containing phenolics, and sulfurous acid, under in vitro aerobic conditions was evaluated by means of electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results indicate that a direct addition reaction between the thiol and some of the phenolics tested, and between sulfite and some of the phenolics may occur, thus contributing evidence of a possible route of thiol losses in wines. \ua9 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Metastatic neuroblastoma in infants: are survival rates excellent only within the stringent framework of clinical trials?

Introduction: SIOPEN INES protocol yielded excellent 5-year survival rates for MYCN-non-amplified metastatic\uc2\ua0neuroblastoma. Patients deemed ineligible due to lack or delay of MYCN status or late registration were treated, but not included in the study. Our goal was to analyse survival at 10\uc2\ua0years among the whole population. Materials and methods: Italian and Spanish metastatic INES patients\ue2\u80\u99 data are reported. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Among 98 infants, 27 had events and 19 died, while 79 were disease free. Five- and 10-year event-free survival (EFS) were 73 and 70\uc2\ua0%, and overall survival (OS) was 81 and 74\uc2\ua0%, respectively. MYCN status was significant for EFS, but not for OS in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: The survival rates of patients who complied with all the inclusion criteria for INES trials are higher compared to those that included also not registered patients. Five-year EFS and OS for INES 99.2 were 87.8 and 95.7\uc2\ua0%, while our stage 4s population obtained 78 and 87\uc2\ua0%. Concerning 99.3, 5-year EFS and OS were 86.7 and 95.6\uc2\ua0%, while for stage 4 we registered 61 and 68\uc2\ua0%. MYCN amplification had a strong impact on prognosis and therefore we consider it unacceptable that many patients were not studied for MYCN and probably inadequately treated. Ten-year survival rates were shown to decrease: EFS from 73 to 70\uc2\ua0% and OS from 81 to 74\uc2\ua0%, indicating a risk of late events, particularly in stage 4s. Population-based registries like European ENCCA WP 11-task 11 will possibly clarify these data