CONSIDERATIONS ON THE PROTECTION OF VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS AGAINST HOAR AND FROST

No matter how favourable the light and humidity conditions may be, plant growth stops when the air and leaf temperature drops below a certain minimum or exceeds a certain maximum value. When air temperatures drop below 0 °C, susceptible crops can be injured, with significant effects on production. Hoar and late frosts occur differently, there are areas where the number of days in the spring months with critical temperature drops are quite numerous, with a frequency in April and exceptionally during May. The negative effect is all the greater as it is recorded after a warm period which can cause an advance of the period of formation of flower buds and the appearance of flowers. The paper presents a series of considerations on the protection of orchards and vineyards against hoar and late frosts

ADVANTAGES ON THE USE OF INDUSTRY 4.0 IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE

Recently, studies show that the world is at the beginning of a new era of the industrial revolution, representing the fourth industrial revolution known as Industry 4.0. This will have an impact on research, technologies, manufacturing processes and people by connecting many products to the Internet, the presence of sensors, the expansion of wireless communications, the development of industrial robots and intelligent machines, the analysis of real-time data in order to transform how the research is conducted. The present paper presents the advantages of implementing Industry 4.0 in the field of agriculture

RESEARCHES ON THE PROTECTION OF VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS AGAINST SPRING FROSTS USING HEAT AND SMOKE AND USING THE RESULTING ASH AS SOIL AMENDMENT

Orchards and vineyards can be exposed to climatic phenomena with unfavorable effects on tree growth and fruiting, such as: winter frosts, frosts and late spring frosts, hail, icing, etc. Smoke and heat are a valuable ally of fruit and vine growers, often intervening in preventing and limiting the negative effects of frosts and frosts on fruit trees and vines during the periods of budding, flowering and fruit binding. The accident is due to the freezing of water in the cellular structure of the vegetative organs (flower buds, buds, flowers, leaves). The paper presents a method of the protection for orchards and vineyards against hoar and late frosts as well as the possibility to use the resulting ash as soil amendment

INFLUENCE ON QUALITY AND ENERGY INDICES FOR A REVERSIBLE PLOW EQUIPPED WITH ELECTRIC VIBRATORS

The qualitative indices of the tillage as well as the exploitation energy indices represent two relevant factors in the exploitation of the agricultural equipments, these being the main barometer of the quality of the used equipment. The paper presents a comparative study of qualitative work indices, respectively energy indices, performed on two reversible plows with three troops, one used in the classical system and one optimized by implementing electrical systems for generating vibrations, located on each of the three active troops during operatio

HEAVY DISC HARROW TESTING WITH INTEGRATED TRANSPORT TRAIN FOR TRACTORS OF 80 - 100 HP

Heavy-disc harrow with integrated GDG-2.7M transport train is intended for carrying out the work of harrowing stubble on medium and heavy light soils located on lands with a maximum slope of 22 °, as well as for discussing bulky and dry plows, in the framework for the preparation of the germinating bed for sowing. Depending on the specificity of the work performed and the working conditions (plowing quality, humidity and soil type), the GDG-2.7M heavy disc harrow can also be used in aggregate with other ground grinding machines (soiled or adjustable harrows, staples or rollers). The paper presents the test methodology of the GDG-2.7M disc harrow

RESEARCHES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF WET SATURATED STEAM DISTILLATION EQUIPMENT

Distillation is a conventional method of extracting volatile oils from medicinal and aromatic plants. This is defined as a process of separating the components of a mixture that is based on the difference between the vaporization temperatures of the constituents, respectively water and oil when distilling medicinal plants. Distillation can be performed in three ways: distillation with water, by boiling the mixture of plants and water, condensation of resulting vapours and separation of oil, distillation with water and steam, in which the steam obtained by evaporating a quantity of water passes through the plant batch; steam distillation under pressure provided by an external generator, a process named in the literature and steam entrainment. The steam distillation process is applicable to many medicinal and aromatic plants that grow in our country. The extraction of volatile oils through this process depends on the different characteristics of the plants but also on the main parameters of the process, pressure and temperature, which are different

RESEARCHES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF FISH POND FOR INTENSIVE FISH FARMING IN POLYCULTURE SYSTEM

In Romania, the fisheries and aquaculture sectors face several challenges. These mainly involve increasing competitiveness for the production and processing sectors. Polyculture is the breeding of several species of fish in the same space (pond, lakes, etc.). It has advantages: better capitalization of trophic potential, diversified assortment for consumers, increased production with the same human and financial effort and disadvantages: competition between species, the need for additional labour in harvest fishing, additional warehouses for parking fish. Polyculture is recommended in lakes, ponds and some ponds for extensive, semi-intensive and sometimes intensive production

CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE AUTOMATION OF PROTECTED SPACES

In the last period there is an intensification of the researches oriented towards the automation of the specific activities of the horticultural production in protected spaces. The greenhouses offer a shelter in which a microclimate suitable for plants is maintained, which is obtained by regulating / adjusting the heat and the amount of light coming from the sun, by means of actuation systems (actuators-technical devices that generate an action to reach a specific objective). The paper presents a brief communication on the main drive systems used in greenhouses: ventilation and cooling systems; heating systems; irrigation systems, whose drive systems are mainly composed of electrical devices, especially electric motors or pump

INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF PASSES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ON PENETRATION RESISTANCE AND THE DEGREE OF SOIL COMPACTION

In the context of the ongoing development of mechanized agriculture, which implies the use of heavy agricultural machinery, often on soils with high moisture content, it increased significantly the risk of soil compaction. Compaction has become a problem of major proportions especially to farmers, because this phenomenon causes environmental damage, and affects soil quality and crop production. Penetration resistance is a valuable and easy to determine indicator of the degree of compaction of agricultural soil. In this paper are presented the results of some experimental research conducted to determine the penetration resistance of a plot of clover, under the influence of the number of passes of a tractor, in order to assess, from an qualitative point of view, the degree of soil compaction

A REAL-TIME MONITORING APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN PROTECTED AREAS

With the development of technology, the greenhouse sector is constantly expanding, which is advantageous in terms of material economy, cost reduction, improved lighting efficiency and cultivation, but at the same time requires the implementation of a large number of sensor nodes to ensure coverage of environmental monitoring. The paper presents a real-time monitoring application of environmental conditions in a greenhouse, which includes sensors for monitoring temperature, relative humidity; CO2 concentration; soil temperature (at 3 depths: ground level, 10, 20 cm)