Circuit Design of Multimodal Attention Memristive Network for Affective Video Content Analysis

Affective video content analysis aims at automatically identifying human emotion triggered by video, which plays an important role in mental health monitoring. This paper proposes a multimodal attention memristive network for affective video content analysis, which offers an energy-efficient approach with low time consumption and high classification accuracy. To illustrate the complexity of the proposed multimodal attention memristive network, two core modules are proposed. Firstly, unimodal feature representation module with cascaded configuration is designed to capture unique characteristics from multimodal signals. Then, multimodal local-global fusion module is proposed to stimulate the process of multimodal information sensing and processing in human brain. Furthermore, the proposed system is validated by applying it to affective content analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the multimodal attention memristive network outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods with high classification accuracy and low time consumption.10.13039/501100001809-National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Number: 62001149

Memristive Devices and Systems: Modeling, Properties and Applications

Copyright © 2023 The Authors. The memristor is considered to be a promising candidate for next-generation computing systems due to its nonvolatility, high density, low power, nanoscale geometry, nonlinearity, binary/multiple memory capacity, and negative differential resistance. [...]This research received no external funding

The fate of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the South Atlantic

The pathways of recently ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) are part of the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). In the South Atlantic these pathways have been the subject of discussion for years, mostly due to the lack of observations. Knowledge of the pathways of the AMOC in the South Atlantic is a first order prerequisite for understanding the fluxes of climatically important properties. In this paper, historical and new observations, including hydrographic and oxygen sections, Argo data, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are examined together with two different analyzes of the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES) to trace the pathway of the recently ventilated NADW through the South Atlantic. CLIVAR-era CFCs, oxygen and salinity clearly show that the strongest NADW pathway in the South Atlantic is along the western boundary (similar to the North Atlantic). In addition to the western boundary pathway, tracers show an eastward spreading of NADW between ~17 and 25°S. Analyzed together with the results of earlier studies, the observations and model output presented here indicate that after crossing the equator, the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) transports water with the characteristics of NADW and a total volume transport of approximately 14Sv (1Sv=106m3s-1). It crosses 5°S as a narrow western boundary current and becomes dominated by eddies further south. When this very energetic eddying flow reaches the Vitória-Trindade Ridge (~20°S), the flow follows two different pathways. The main portion of the NADW flow continues along the continental shelf of South America in the form of a strong reformed DWBC, while a smaller portion, about 22% of the initial transport, flows towards the interior of the basin

Design and Implementation of a Flexible Neuromorphic Computing System for Affective Communication via Memristive Circuits

National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62001149, Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant LQ21F010009 and Fundamental Research funds for the provincial Universities of Zhejiang under Grant GK229909299001-06

Aquatic Hemiptera in Southwest Cameroon: Biodiversity of Potential Reservoirs of Mycobacterium ulcerans and multiple wolbachia sequence types revealed by metagenomics

Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, is a neglected tropical disease associated with freshwater habitats. A variety of limnic organisms harbor this pathogen, including aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), which have been hypothesized to be epidemiologically important reservoirs. Aquatic Hemiptera exhibit high levels of diversity in the tropics, but species identification remains challenging. In this study, we collected aquatic bugs from emerging foci of BU in the Southwest Region of Cameroon, which were identified using morphological and molecular methods. The bugs were screened for mycobacterial DNA and a selection of 20 mycobacteria-positive specimens from the families Gerridae and Veliidae were subjected to next-generation sequencing. Only one individual revealed putative M. ulcerans DNA, but all specimens contained sequences from the widespread alphaproteobacterial symbiont, Wolbachia. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Wolbachia sequences into supergroups A, B, and F. Circularized mitogenomes were obtained for seven gerrids and two veliids, the first from these families for the African continent. This study suggests that aquatic Hemiptera may have a minor role (if any) in the spread of BU in Southwest Cameroon. Our metagenomic analysis provides new insights into the incursion of Wolbachia into aquatic environments and generated valuable resources to aid molecular taxonomic studies of aquatic Hemiptera. © 2019 by the authors

A Brain-Inspired In-Memory Computing System for Neuronal Communication via Memristive Circuits

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U1909201 and Grant 62001149, and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant LQ21F010009

Specific TATAA and bZIP requirements suggest that HTLV-I Tax has transcriptional activity subsequent to the assembly of an initiation complex

BACKGROUND: Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein is a transcriptional regulator of viral and cellular genes. In this study we have examined in detail the determinants for Tax-mediated transcriptional activation. RESULTS: Whereas previously the LTR enhancer elements were thought to be the sole Tax-targets, herein, we find that the core HTLV-I TATAA motif also provides specific responsiveness not seen with either the SV40 or the E1b TATAA boxes. When enhancer elements which can mediate Tax-responsiveness were compared, the authentic HTLV-I 21-bp repeats were found to be the most effective. Related bZIP factors such as CREB, ATF4, c-Jun and LZIP are often thought to recognize the 21-bp repeats equivalently. However, amongst bZIP factors, we found that CREB, by far, is preferred by Tax for activation. When LTR transcription was reconstituted by substituting either κB or serum response elements in place of the 21-bp repeats, Tax activated these surrogate motifs using surfaces which are different from that utilized for CREB interaction. Finally, we employed artificial recruitment of TATA-binding protein to the HTLV-I promoter in "bypass" experiments to show for the first time that Tax has transcriptional activity subsequent to the assembly of an initiation complex at the promoter. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal activation of the HTLV-I LTR by Tax specifically requires the core HTLV-I TATAA promoter, CREB and the 21-bp repeats. In addition, we also provide the first evidence for transcriptional activity of Tax after the recruitment of TATA-binding protein to the promoter

Epigenetic Inactivation of the miR-124-1 in Haematological Malignancies

miR-124-1 is a tumour suppressor microRNA (miR). Epigenetic deregulation of miRs is implicated in carcinogenesis. Promoter DNA methylation and histone modification of miR-124-1 was studied in 5 normal marrow controls, 4 lymphoma, 8 multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, 230 diagnostic primary samples of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), MM, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and 53 MM samples at stable disease or relapse. Promoter of miR-124-1 was unmethylated in normal controls but homozygously methylated in 4 of 4 lymphoma and 4 of 8 myeloma cell lines. Treatment of 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine led to miR-124-1 demethylation and re-expression of mature miR-124, which also associated with emergence of euchromatic trimethyl H3K4 and consequent downregulation of CDK6 in myeloma cells harboring homozygous miR-124-1 methylation. In primary samples at diagnosis, miR-124-1 methylation was absent in CML but detected in 2% each of MM at diagnosis and relapse/progression, 5% ALL, 15% AML, 14% CLL and 58.1% of NHL (p<0.001). Amongst lymphoid malignancies, miR-124-1 was preferentially methylated in NHL than MM, CLL or ALL. In primary lymphoma samples, miR-124-1 was preferentially hypermethylated in B- or NK/T-cell lymphomas and associated with reduced miR-124 expression. In conclusion, miR-124-1 was hypermethylated in a tumour-specific manner, with a heterochromatic histone configuration. Hypomethylation led to partial restoration of euchromatic histone code and miR re-expression. Infrequent miR-124-1 methylation detected in diagnostic and relapse MM samples showed an unimportant role in MM pathogenesis, despite frequent methylation found in cell lines. Amongst haematological cancers, miR-124-1 was more frequently hypermethylated in NHL, and hence warrants further study

Truncated Schwinger-Dyson Equations and Gauge Covariance in QED3

We study the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformations (LKFT) in momentum space for the dynamically generated mass function in QED3. Starting from the Landau gauge results in the rainbow approximation, we construct solutions in other covariant gauges. We confirm that the chiral condensate is gauge invariant as the structure of the LKFT predicts. We also check that the gauge dependence of the constituent fermion mass is considerably reduced as compared to the one obtained directly by solving SDE.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures. v3. Improved and Expanded. To appear in Few Body System

A physics-oriented memristor model with the coexistence of NDR effect and RS memory behavior for bio-inspired computing

Bio-inspired computing promises fundamentally different ways to advances in artificial intelligence with extreme energy efficiency. Memristive technologies due to the non-volatility, high density, low-power, and synaptic bionic properties can help in realizing bio-inspired architecture and its hardware implementation. This paper proposes a novel physics-oriented memristor model with coexistence of negative differential resistance (NDR) effect and resistive switching (RS) memory behavior for bio-inspired computing. Firstly, an Ag/TiOx/FTO memristor is fabricated using sol-gel and magnetron sputtering method, and its performance test demonstrates that the coexistence of NDR effect and RS memory behavior can be modulated by the moisture. Then, a physical-oriented memristor model is constructed, which provides the possibility to explore the dynamics of the coexistence of NDR effect and RS memory behavior in simulation. Furthermore, a memristor-based affective computing circuit emulating the process of human affective associative learning is designed. The experiment demonstrates that the coexistence of NDR effect and RS memory behavior can change the memory time without additional circuit and cost, which is expected to realize the automatic conversion from short-term memory to long-term memory in bio-inspired computing.National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62001149 and Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant LQ21F010009