122,092 research outputs found
Auxetic regions in large deformations of periodic frameworks
In materials science, auxetic behavior refers to lateral widening upon
stretching. We investigate the problem of finding domains of auxeticity in
global deformation spaces of periodic frameworks. Case studies include planar
periodic mechanisms constructed from quadrilaterals with diagonals as periods
and other frameworks with two vertex orbits. We relate several geometric and
kinematic descriptions.Comment: Presented at the International Conference on "Interdisciplinary
Applications of Kinematics" (IAK18), Lima, Peru, March 201
Different Forms of Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
Focusing on discretion by the police, criminal justice practitioners and the courts at different stages in the criminal justice process, this chapter explores whether their judgements and decisions contribute to the overrepresentation of those from black, minority ethnic and lower social status backgrounds in the criminal justice system. The chapter asks whether overrepresentation is due to alleged discrimination or reflects typical patterns of offending, and the policy implications. The structure of the chapter is first to present the most recent official data about overrepresentation taking note of recent trends. Contrasting this data with self-reported offending data shows that the overrepresentation of some ethnic groups in the criminal justice system is not a true picture of their actual offending. Second, I argue that an exclusive focus on ethnicity ignores social determinants such as socio-economic status and in any case the ethnic categories used to compare criminal justice outcomes are too crude. Third, I argue that residual discrimination by the police and the courts varies between and within jurisdictions and neighbourhoods, and by their ethnic and social class makeup. Fourth, because discretion is least visible and discrimination most likely at the police stage of criminal justice, police stop and searches are examined. Fifth, the conclusions examine police reform since the Lawrence Inquiry before broadening the discussion to wider structural issues of policy and reform
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Art and color in the context of CFD: Towards a better engineering design
Typically the words ‘art’ and ‘CFD’ tend to appear in the same sentence only as either ‘the art of using CFD’ or, particularly when conferences and meetings are announced, as ‘state-of- the-art’ CFD.
Unquestionably in the latter context the art of good modeling is synonymous for representing reality as close as possible. Certainly this is true for both, numerical and experimental modeling. Color on the other
hand is more fundamentally related with both, art and CFD. Indeed in the 1980s CFD was often nicknamed as ‘colored fluid dynamics’ as color was largely absent from experimental techniques at the time
Evaluation of climate change scenarios based on aquatic food web modelling
In the years 2004 and 2005 we collected samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton and macroinvertebrates in an artificial small pond in Budapest. We set up a simulation model predicting the abundance of the cyclopoids, Eudiaptomus zachariasi and Ischnura pumilio by considering only temperature as it affects the abundance of population of the previous day. Phytoplankton abundance was
simulated by considering not only temperature, but the abundance of the three mentioned groups. This
discrete-deterministic model could generate similar patterns like the observed one and testing it on
historical data was successful. However, because the model was overpredicting the abundances of
Ischnura pumilio and Cyclopoida at the end of the year, these results were not considered. Running the
model with the data series of climate change scenarios, we had an opportunity to predict the individual
numbers for the period around 2050. If the model is run with the data series of the two scenarios UKHI
and UKLO, which predict drastic global warming, then we can observe a decrease in abundance and shift
in the date of the maximum abundance occurring (excluding Ischnura pumilio, where the maximum
abundance increases and it occurs later), whereas under unchanged climatic conditions (BASE scenario)
the change in abundance is negligible. According to the scenarios GFDL 2535, GFDL 5564 and UKTR, a
transition could be noticed
Ultra-high resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography for resolving thin layers in painted works of art
While OCT has been applied to the non-invasive examination of the stratigraphy of paint layers in recent years, it has been recognized that the resolutions of commercially available OCT cannot compete in depth resolution with conventional microscopic examination of cross-sections of paint samples. It is necessary to achieve resolutions better than 3 microns to resolve the thinnest layers of paint and varnish. In this paper, we demonstrate a Fourier domain ultrahigh resolution OCT at 810nm with depth resolution of 1.8μm in air (or 1.2μm in varnish or paint)
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