Taxocenose de anuros (Amphibia: Anura) em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Sul do Brasil

A riqueza de espécies, o uso de habitat e a identificação das principais ameaças sobre uma taxocenose de anfíbios anuros foram determinadas ao longo de 19 meses, em uma localidade originalmente coberta de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no município de Morretes, Paraná, Brasil. Foram registradas 32 espécies de anuros pertencentes a 10 famílias. A anurofauna local apresenta 58% das espécies associadas à ambientes de área aberta e 42% associadas à ambientes florestais. Dentre todos os modos reprodutivos registrados, o modo tipo um - ovos e larvas exotróficas em habitats lênticos, foi o mais comum, especialmente em Hylidae. A atividade de desmatamento, que atualmente é umas das causas de maior efeito negativo sobre populações de anfíbios, ocorre a pelo menos 28 anos nessa região. Iniciativas de conservação e o manejo adequado da área são necessários para que a diversidade de anuros possa ser preservada.Assemblage of anurans (Amphibia, Anura) in a locality of dense Atlantic rain forest, Morretes, Paraná, Brazil. The species richness, habitat use and main environmental impacts on a taxocenose of anurans were determined during 19 months, in a region originally covered by dense Atlantic rain forest at Morretes municipality. Thirty-two species of anurans, belonging to ten families, were registered. In the local anuran fauna, 58% of these species were associated with open areas, and 42% of the species were associated to forests. Among all species, the most frequently observed reproductive mode was mode 1 - eggs and exotrophic larvae in lentic water, mainly presented by the family Hylidae. The deforestation, which today has the major negative impact on this amphibian assemblage, is present in the region for at least 28 years. Environmental management programs are necessary to keep the diversity of anurans.Universidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia AnimalUniversidade Estadual Paulista Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Anima

Prevalence and conditions associated with chronic pelvic pain in women from São Luís, Brazil

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in the community of São Luís, capital of the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify independent conditions associated with it. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a sample of 1470 women older than 14 years predominantly served by the public health system. The interviews were held in the subject's home by trained interviewers not affiliated with the public health services of the municipality. The homes were visited at random according to the city map and the prevalence of the condition was estimated. To identify the associated conditions, the significant variables (P=0.10) were selected and entered in a multivariate analysis model. Data are reported as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, with the level of significance set at 0.05. The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain was 19.0%. The independent conditions associated with this diagnosis were: dyspareunia (OR=3.94), premenopausal status (OR=2.95), depressive symptoms (OR=2.33), dysmenorrhea (OR=1.77), smoking (OR=1.72), irregular menstrual flow (OR=1.62), and irritative bladder symptoms (OR=1.90). The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in Sao Luís is high and is associated with the conditions cited above. Guidelines based on prevention and/or early identification of risk factors may reduce the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in São Luís, Brazil