Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) en roedores murinos de Sincelejo, departamento de Sucre

  The hantaviruses associated to the Sigmodontinae rodents, are emerging pathogens that cause the Cardiopulmonary Syndrome by Hantavirus (HCS) in the Americas. So far, Colombia has not reported confirmed cases of the disease; however, evidence has shown serological exposure to hantavirusin rodents and humans from two departments in the Caribbean Region, and molecular detection of viral genome in tissue samples of rodents in Antioquia. The aim of this research was to determinate the frequency of hantavirus specific antibodies in rodents from Sincelejo City. Animal samplings were performed with Sherman traps from March to July 2009. IgG antibodies against Sin Nombre Virus were detected in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(indirect ELISA). Sixty-one rodents were captured and identified as three speciesthree species, Musmusculus was the most abundant(91.8%). From the total of analyzed animals, only one exemplar, belonging to Rattusrattus specie (seroprevalence 1.64%), was positive to hantavirus. Serologic findings evidenced hantavirus infection among rodents of subfamily Murinae in Colombia. The presence of antibodies against the virus suggests that at least one hantavirus is circulating in rodents from North of Colombia.Los hantavirus, asociados a roedores de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae, son patógenosemergentes causantes de la zoonosis Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavirus (SCPH) en las Américas. Hasta la fecha, en Colombia no se han confirmado casos de la enfermedad; sin embargo, se ha demostrado la evidencia serológica de exposición a hantavirus en roedores y humanos de dos departamentos de la RegiónCaribe, y la detección molecular de genoma viral en muestras de tejido de roedores en Antioquia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos específicos contra hantavirus en roedores de la ciudad de Sincelejo, departamento de Sucre. Los muestreos de los animales fueron realizados con trampas Sherman, desde marzo hasta julio de 2009. Los anticuerpos IgG específicos contra el Virus Sin Nombre (VSN) fueron detectados en muestras de plasma medianteensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado aenzimas (ELISA indirecto). Secapturaron 61 roedores distribuidos en tres especies, de las cuales Mus musculusfue la más abundante (91.8%). Del total de animales analizados, un único ejemplar, clasificado dentrode la especie Rattusrattus (seroprevalencia de 1.64%), resultó positivo a hantavirus. Los hallazgos evidenciaron seropositividad a hantavirus en roedores de la subfamilia Murinae en Colombia. La detección de anticuerpos contra el virus refuerza la hipótesis que sugiere la circulación de al menos un hantavirus en roedores del norte colombiano

Comunidad de roedores en el municipio de san marcos, sucre, colombia

The aim of this research was to determinate the composition of rodent communities in urban and rural areas from San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Rodents were sampled using Sherman traps from December 2007 to July 2009, with a capture effort of 1200 night traps (capture success 12%). A total of 144 rodents were captured, eight species were registered: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2), and Heteromys anomalus (1). The number of murinae rodents was higher in urban habitats, whereas wild rodent species of subfamily Sigmodontinae were dominant in rural areas. In addition, the highest percentage of population consisted of adult males. Data suggest that characteristics of habitats (homogeneity and heterogeneity) were important factors on species distribution and diversity of rodents in both urban and rural area.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la composición de las comunidades de roedores en áreas urbanas y rurales del municipio de San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Los roedores fueron muestreados empleando trampas tipo Sherman desde diciembre de 2007 hasta julio de 2009, con un esfuerzo de captura de 1200 trampas-noche (éxito de captura 12%). Fueron capturados un total de 144 individuos, registrándose 8 especies: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2) y Heteromys anomalus (1). El número de roedores murinos fue mayor en hábitats urbanos, mientras en ambientes rurales predominaron las especies silvestres de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae. Además, el mayor porcentaje de la población correspondió a machos adultos. Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones (homogeneidad y heterogeneidad) de los hábitats fueron determinantes en la distribución y diversidad de los roedores tanto en ambientes urbanos como rurales

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) en roedores murinos de Sincelejo, departamento de Sucre

The hantaviruses associated to the Sigmodontinae rodents, are emerging pathogens that cause the Cardiopulmonary Syndrome by Hantavirus (HCS) in the Americas. So far, Colombia has not reported confirmed cases of the disease; however, evidence has shown serological exposure to hantavirusin rodents and humans from two departments in the Caribbean Region, and molecular detection of viral genome in tissue samples of rodents in Antioquia. The aim of this research was to determinate the frequency of hantavirus specific antibodies in rodents from Sincelejo City. Animal samplings were performed with Sherman traps from March to July 2009. IgG antibodies against Sin Nombre Virus were detected in plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(indirect ELISA). Sixty-one rodents were captured and identified as three speciesthree species, Musmusculus was the most abundant(91.8%). From the total of analyzed animals, only one exemplar, belonging to Rattusrattus specie (seroprevalence 1.64%), was positive to hantavirus. Serologic findings evidenced hantavirus infection among rodents of subfamily Murinae in Colombia. The presence of antibodies against the virus suggests that at least one hantavirus is circulating in rodents from North of Colombia.Los hantavirus, asociados a roedores de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae, son patógenosemergentes causantes de la zoonosis Síndrome Cardiopulmonar por Hantavirus (SCPH) en las Américas. Hasta la fecha, en Colombia no se han confirmado casos de la enfermedad; sin embargo, se ha demostrado la evidencia serológica de exposición a hantavirus en roedores y humanos de dos departamentos de la RegiónCaribe, y la detección molecular de genoma viral en muestras de tejido de roedores en Antioquia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos específicos contra hantavirus en roedores de la ciudad de Sincelejo, departamento de Sucre. Los muestreos de los animales fueron realizados con trampas Sherman, desde marzo hasta julio de 2009. Los anticuerpos IgG específicos contra el Virus Sin Nombre (VSN) fueron detectados en muestras de plasma medianteensayo de inmunoabsorción ligado aenzimas (ELISA indirecto). Secapturaron 61 roedores distribuidos en tres especies, de las cuales Mus musculusfue la más abundante (91.8%). Del total de animales analizados, un único ejemplar, clasificado dentrode la especie Rattusrattus (seroprevalencia de 1.64%), resultó positivo a hantavirus. Los hallazgos evidenciaron seropositividad a hantavirus en roedores de la subfamilia Murinae en Colombia. La detección de anticuerpos contra el virus refuerza la hipótesis que sugiere la circulación de al menos un hantavirus en roedores del norte colombiano

Comunidad de roedores en el municipio de San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia

The aim of this research was to determinate the composition of rodent communities in urban and rural areas from San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Rodents were sampled using Sherman traps from December 2007 to July 2009, with a capture effort of 1200 night traps (capture success 12%). A total of 144 rodents were captured, eight species were registered: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2), and Heteromys anomalus (1). The number of murinae rodents was higher in urban habitats, whereas wild rodent species of subfamily Sigmodontinae were dominant in rural areas. In addition, the highest percentage of population consisted of adult males. Data suggest that characteristics of habitats (homogeneity and heterogeneity) were important factors on species distribution and diversity of rodents in both urban and rural area.El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la composición de las comunidades de roedores en áreas urbanas y rurales del municipio de San Marcos, Sucre, Colombia. Los roedores fueron muestreados empleando trampas tipo Sherman desde diciembre de 2007 hasta julio de 2009, con un esfuerzo de captura de 1200 trampas-noche (éxito de captura 12%). Fueron capturados un total de 144 individuos, registrándose 8 especies: Mus musculus (60), Zygodontomys brevicauda (44), Rattus rattus (21), Oryzomys azuerensis (10), Oligoryzomys fulvescens (4), Neacomys spinosus (2), Proechiymys cayennensis (2) y Heteromys anomalus (1). El número de roedores murinos fue mayor en hábitats urbanos, mientras en ambientes rurales predominaron las especies silvestres de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae. Además, el mayor porcentaje de la población correspondió a machos adultos. Los resultados sugieren que las condiciones (homogeneidad y heterogeneidad) de los hábitats fueron determinantes en la distribución y diversidad de los roedores tanto en ambientes urbanos como rurales