329 research outputs found
Enteric Absorption of Ciprofloxacin During Tube Feeding in the Critically Ill
To determine the pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofloxacin in the critically ill, we studied seven mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia during entcral feedings. Subjects received ciprofloxacin 750 mg every 12 h via nasogastric tube and serial serum drug concentrations were measured after the first and fourth dose. After the initial dose, the maximum serum concentration ranged from 1.24–3.06 mg/L, and the area under the time curve from 0–12 h ranged from 3.2–19.65 mg.h/L. Similar levels were noted after dose four. Gastrointestinal absorption of ciprofloxacin in tube fed critically ill patients was decreased, but well above MIC values for many pathogenic bacteria
Agroecology: promoting the transition towards sustainability
En este artículo se define agroecología como la aplicación de los
conceptos y prinicipios ecológicos al diseño y manejo de los sistemas alimentarios sostenibles. Se presentan los argumentos principales que
sostienen la validez, importancia y pertinencia del enfoque agroecológico, no solo para entender los procesos involucrados en la producción
de alimentos, sino para proponer alternativas que conduzcan a esos procesos para operar en sistemas sostenibles. El concepto clave, que
guía el razonamiento metodológico y epistemológico en este análisis, es el de sostenibilidad. Para alcanzar sostenibilidad la metodología
agroecológica no solo se ancla en la Ecología, lo cual se describe en el trabajo, sino que percibe la producción de alimentos como un
proceso que involucra a los productores y consumidores interactuando en forma dinámica.In this article agroecology is defined as the application of ecological
concepts and principles to the design and management of sustainable food systems. The principal arguments are presented that support the
validity, importance, and application of the agroecologial focus, not only in order to understand the processes involved in food production, but
also to propose alternatives that help these processes to operate in sustainable systems. The key concept that guides the methodological
and epitistemalogical rationale of this analysis is sustainability. In order to achieve sustainability the agroecological methodology not only links
to Ecology, as is described in the text, but perceives food production as a process involving producers and consumers operating in a
dynamic interaction
Noisy random resistor networks: renormalized field theory for the multifractal moments of the current distribution
We study the multifractal moments of the current distribution in randomly
diluted resistor networks near the percolation treshold. When an external
current is applied between to terminals and of the network, the
th multifractal moment scales as , where is the correlation length exponent of
the isotropic percolation universality class. By applying our concept of master
operators [Europhys. Lett. {\bf 51}, 539 (2000)] we calculate the family of
multifractal exponents for to two-loop order. We find
that our result is in good agreement with numerical data for three dimensions.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figure
Multifractal properties of resistor diode percolation
Focusing on multifractal properties we investigate electric transport on
random resistor diode networks at the phase transition between the
non-percolating and the directed percolating phase. Building on first
principles such as symmetries and relevance we derive a field theoretic
Hamiltonian. Based on this Hamiltonian we determine the multifractal moments of
the current distribution that are governed by a family of critical exponents
. We calculate the family to two-loop order in a
diagrammatic perturbation calculation augmented by renormalization group
methods.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Recommendations for gonadotoxicity surveillance in male childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors : a report from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group in collaboration with the PanCareSurFup Consortium
Treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery that involves reproductive organs can cause impaired spermatogenesis, testosterone deficiency, and physical sexual dysfunction in male pubertal, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors. Guidelines for surveillance and management of potential adverse effects could improve cancer survivors' health and quality of life. Surveillance recommendations vary considerably, causing uncertainty about optimum screening practices. This clinical practice guideline recommended by the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group in collaboration with the PanCareSurFup Consortium, developed using evidence-based methodology, critically synthesises surveillance recommendations for gonadotoxicity in male childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors. The recommendations were developed by an international multidisciplinary panel including 25 experts in relevant medical specialties, using a consistent and transparent process. Recommendations were graded according to the strength of underlying evidence and potential benefit gained by early detection and appropriate management. The aim of the recommendations is to enhance evidence-based care for male CAYA cancer survivors. The guidelines reveal the paucity of high-quality evidence, highlighting the need for further targeted research.Peer reviewe
Hemoperitoneum Score Helps Determine Need for Therapeutic Laparotomy
Purpose: Sonography provides a fast, portable, and noninvasive method for patient assessment. However, the benefit of providing real-time ultrasound (US) imaging and fluid quantification shortly after patient arrival has not been explored. The objective of this study was to prospectively validate a US hemoperitoneum scoring system developed at our institution and determine whether sonography can predict a therapeutic operation. Methods: For 12 months, prospective data on all patients undergoing a trauma sonogram were recorded. All sonograms positive for free fluid were given a hemoperitoneum score. The US score was compared with initial systolic blood pressure and base deficit to assess the ability of sonography to predict a therapeutic laparotomy. Results: Forty of 46 patients (87%) with a US score > 3 required a therapeutic laparotomy. Forty-six of 54 patients with a US score < 3 (85%) did not need operative intervention. The sensitivity of sonography was 83% compared with 28% and 49% for systolic blood pressure and base deficit, respectively, in determining the need for therapeutic operation. Conclusion: We conclude that the majority of patients with a score > 3 will need surgery. The US hemoperitoneum scoring system was a better predictor of a therapeutic laparotomy than initial blood pressure and/or base deficit
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