Tourism and Terror: a Case Study: Israel 1948-2012

Israel is a popular tourist destination which has by afflicted by varying levels of terrorism against civilians over the course of its history. A longitudinal analysis of data pertaining to tourism and terrorism is undertaken to examine how terrorism affects patterns of tourism. It is found that on the macro-level, tourism to Israel continues to grow although it experiences periodic declines corresponding with times of high terrorist activity. National and religious subpopulations of tourists react differently terrorism at the destination. Overall, Jews are proportionally more likely than non-Jews to continue to visit Israel during times of conflict, but this varies among Diaspora communities. Moreover, among US Jewish tourist, the strongly religious populations represented a greater percentage of visitors during years of high terrorism. This preliminary analysis explores how internal structural features of the Jewish community (such as Jewish educational settings and family ties to Israelis), external factors of the home country (such as anti-Semitism or the economic situation) and national and cultural value orientation affect tourism patterns. The impact of these factors on tourism deserves continued research

Assessing the Human Development Index through the Structure of Welfare

Évaluation de l’indice de développement humain à travers la structure du bien-être social : Dans cet article, nous étudions la validité de l’indice de développement humain (HDI) des Nations Unies, un indicateur multidimensionnel du bien-être national. Pour le faire, le HDI est intégré dans une typologie de bien-être déjà publiée (Cohen, 2000). Le HDI apparaît comme un indicateur bien équilibré de bien-être, proche du centre sémantique de la structure. Néanmoins, il est un peu plus fortement corrélé avec l’éducation et taux de croissance de la population qu’avec la production et les média.In this study, we assess the validity of the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI), a multi-faceted indicator of national welfare.  For this purpose, the HDI is introduced into a previously published typology of welfare indicators (Cohen, E. H. 2000).  The HDI appears to be a well-balanced indicator of welfare, close to the semantic center of the structure.  However, it is somewhat more strongly correlated with the education and population rates regions of the structure than with the production and media regions

Assessing the Human Development Index through the Structure of Welfare

Évaluation de l’indice de développement humain à travers la structure du bien-être social : Dans cet article, nous étudions la validité de l’indice de développement humain (HDI) des Nations Unies, un indicateur multidimensionnel du bien-être national. Pour le faire, le HDI est intégré dans une typologie de bien-être déjà publiée (Cohen, 2000). Le HDI apparaît comme un indicateur bien équilibré de bien-être, proche du centre sémantique de la structure. Néanmoins, il est un peu plus fortement corrélé avec l’éducation et taux de croissance de la population qu’avec la production et les média.In this study, we assess the validity of the United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI), a multi-faceted indicator of national welfare.  For this purpose, the HDI is introduced into a previously published typology of welfare indicators (Cohen, E. H. 2000).  The HDI appears to be a well-balanced indicator of welfare, close to the semantic center of the structure.  However, it is somewhat more strongly correlated with the education and population rates regions of the structure than with the production and media regions

Being, Having and Doing Modes of Existence: Confirmation and Reduction of a New Scale Based on a Study among Israeli Female Teachers, Student-Teachers and Counselors*

Des modes d’existence Etre, Avoir et Faire : Confirmation et réduction d’une nouvelle échelle basée sur une étude d’enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes : Suivant les théories de Fromm (1976) et de Rand (1993), une échelle de 51 items d’attitudes envers les « modes d’existence » Etre, Avoir et Faire a été construite par Reichenberg (1996). Ici, nous avons deux objectifs : examiner la validité de cette échelle avec deux méthodes d’analyse en parallèle  -- par l’analyse factorielle et par la théorie des facettes – et racourcir l’échelle de 51 items. Cet article est basé sur des données empiriques concernant 386 enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes d’un département d’éducation dans une université en Israël en 1995 et 1997.Following Fromm's (1976) and Rand's (1993) theory, a scale of 51 items on attitudes towards the Being, Doing and Having "Modes of Existence" has been constructed (Reichenberg 1996). Our objectives are two-fold: first, an examination, in parallel, of the validity of the scale with two methods: Factor Analysis and Facet Theory. And second, a shortening of the scale from 51 questions to a more compact one. The present article is based on empirical data gathered from 386 female teachers, students and counselors in college education departments in Israel in 1995 and 1997

Being, Having and Doing Modes of Existence: Confirmation and Reduction of a New Scale Based on a Study among Israeli Female Teachers, Student-Teachers and Counselors*

Des modes d’existence Etre, Avoir et Faire : Confirmation et réduction d’une nouvelle échelle basée sur une étude d’enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes : Suivant les théories de Fromm (1976) et de Rand (1993), une échelle de 51 items d’attitudes envers les « modes d’existence » Etre, Avoir et Faire a été construite par Reichenberg (1996). Ici, nous avons deux objectifs : examiner la validité de cette échelle avec deux méthodes d’analyse en parallèle  -- par l’analyse factorielle et par la théorie des facettes – et racourcir l’échelle de 51 items. Cet article est basé sur des données empiriques concernant 386 enseignants, stagaires-enseignants et conseillières israéliennes d’un département d’éducation dans une université en Israël en 1995 et 1997.Following Fromm's (1976) and Rand's (1993) theory, a scale of 51 items on attitudes towards the Being, Doing and Having "Modes of Existence" has been constructed (Reichenberg 1996). Our objectives are two-fold: first, an examination, in parallel, of the validity of the scale with two methods: Factor Analysis and Facet Theory. And second, a shortening of the scale from 51 questions to a more compact one. The present article is based on empirical data gathered from 386 female teachers, students and counselors in college education departments in Israel in 1995 and 1997

Brownian motion with dry friction: Fokker-Planck approach

We solve a Langevin equation, first studied by de Gennes, in which there is a solid-solid or dry friction force acting on a Brownian particle in addition to the viscous friction usually considered in the study of Brownian motion. We obtain both the time-dependent propagator of this equation and the velocity correlation function by solving the associated time-dependent Fokker-Planck equation. Exact results are found for the case where only dry friction acts on the particle. For the case where both dry and viscous friction forces are present, series representations of the propagator and correlation function are obtained in terms of parabolic cylinder functions. Similar series representations are also obtained for the case where an external constant force is added to the Langevin equation.Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures (in color

Psychotropic medication use and cognition in institutionalized older adults with mild to moderate dementia

Background: Most studies examining psychotropic medication use on cognition in older persons with dementia include measures of global cognitive function. The present study examined the relationship between different types of psychotropic medication and specific cognitive functions in older people with dementia. Methods: Two hundred and six institutionalized older adults with dementia (180 women, mean age 85 years) were administered neuropsychological tests. Psychotropic medication use was extracted from their medical status and categorized as: sedatives, antidepressants and antipsychotics. Results: Analysis of covariance revealed that psychotropic consumers, and particularly those who used antipsychotics, performed worse on neuropsychological tests of executive/attentional functioning than non-consumers. There were no differences between consumers of other classes of psychotropic drugs and non-consumers. The number of psychotropic drugs used was inversely related to executive/attentional functioning. Conclusions: These findings show that in institutionalized older adults with dementia, specific impairment of cognitive function, i.e. executive/attentional impairments, are associated with antipsychotic medication use. Future longitudinal studies are recommended. © 2009 International Psychogeriatric Association

CARMA Measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in RXJ1347.5-1145

We demonstrate the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect imaging capabilities of the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) by presenting an SZ map of the galaxy cluster RXJ1347.5-1145. By combining data from multiple CARMA bands and configurations, we are able to capture the structure of this cluster over a wide range of angular scales, from its bulk properties to its core morphology. We find that roughly 9% of this cluster's thermal energy is associated with sub-arcminute-scale structure imparted by a merger, illustrating the value of high-resolution SZ measurements for pursuing cluster astrophysics and for understanding the scatter in SZ scaling relations. We also find that the cluster's SZ signal is lower in amplitude than suggested by a spherically-symmetric model derived from X-ray data, consistent with compression along the line of sight relative to the plane of the sky. Finally, we discuss the impact of upgrades currently in progress that will further enhance CARMA's power as an SZ imaging instrument.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Direct Multipoint Observations Capturing the Reformation of a Supercritical Fast Magnetosonic Shock

Using multipoint Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations in an unusual string-of-pearls configuration, we examine in detail observations of the reformation of a fast magnetosonic shock observed on the upstream edge of a foreshock transient structure upstream of Earth's bow shock. The four MMS spacecraft were separated by several hundred kilometers, comparable to suprathermal ion gyroradius scales or several ion inertial lengths. At least half of the shock reformation cycle was observed, with a new shock ramp rising up out of the "foot" region of the original shock ramp. Using the multipoint observations, we convert the observed time-series data into distance along the shock normal in the shock's rest frame. That conversion allows for a unique study of the relative spatial scales of the shock's various features, including the shock's growth rate, and how they evolve during the reformation cycle. Analysis indicates that the growth rate increases during reformation, electron-scale physics play an important role in the shock reformation, and energy conversion processes also undergo the same cyclical periodicity as reformation. Strong, thin electron-kinetic-scale current sheets and large-amplitude electrostatic and electromagnetic waves are reported. Results highlight the critical cross-scale coupling between electron-kinetic- and ion-kinetic-scale processes and details of the nature of nonstationarity, shock-front reformation at collisionless, fast magnetosonic shocks.Peer reviewe