Die woord van God as lewende, kragtige en tweesnydende sward - 'n studie van hebreërs 4:12-13 binne die konteks van die hele Hebreërs

Within the wider scope of interdisciplinary studies on The Power of the Word of God this article gives a New Testament perspective on the theme through an exegetical study of Hebrews 4:12-13 within its broader context. Whilst this pericope is often used as a prooftext (locum probantium) for the divine authority of Scriptures this study starts on the as­ sumption that this is not the primary focus of the text. It is as­ sumed that the text is primarily concerned with the effective power of God's Word in the lives of men, especially In the lives of members of God's people. Four hypotheses are stated at the beginning and are exegetically tested in the article: (i) In the whole Bible Hebrews 4:12-13 is one of the clearest and most compact expressions of the dynamic power of the Word of God. (ii) Hebrews 4:12-13 is indeed a cornerstone in the message of this sermon to "the Hebrews". (HI) Although various Biblical passages seemingly have strong parallels on the matter of the power of the Word Hebrews 4:12-13 proves to have a singular emphasis, namely of the living, powerful and the decisively penetrating power of JUDGE of the deepest heart of man. (iv) Hebrews 4:12-13 within its context gives an important portrait of the most intimate relation between the Word of God and the God of the Word

A plea for material services in South Africa with particular reference to the rural areas

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Die vrou en die kerklike ampte

Die aangeleentheid waaroor dit in hierdie artikel gaan, het veral die afgelope twee dekades aan die orde gekom oor ’n baie breë. front van sowel teologiese diskussie as “amptelike” kerklike besinning

The perceptions of morality of secondary school learners: a cross-cultural study

The focus of this research is to determine the perceptions of morality among a group of young South Africans. More specifically, the possible role that gender, culture, lifestyle, religion and sexual practices in these perceptions of morality may play will be investigated. To date, no studies have attempted to measure the youth’s perceptions of morality. Consequently, little South African literature is available. While manyvariables are believed to influence the development and expression of morality, the variables that were measured in this study included gender, culture, lifestyle, sexual experience and religion, as found in literature. Seven schools were involved in this study. They were classified as being high, average and below average with regards to academic performance. After statistical analysis, the variable found to have the greatest influence on the perception of morality was gender. A core finding of this study was that the female learner’s responses point towards a higher level of morality than the male learners do. This study also found cultural differences with regard to morality. Frequency of religious practices was also found to have an influence on moral expression. The study also indicated that past sexual experience has an effect on the perception and expression of morality. Lifestyle was not found to be a significant factor in the perception of morality in this study. The results of the research will help to give clearer understanding of the youth’s perception of morality, which could then be incorporated into combating immorality, for example, through developing programmes in this regard. For future and especially comparative purposes, the findings of this study could also serve as a base-line measurement of the perceptions of morality among the South African youth, should one wish to determine to what extent these perceptions are static or dynamic

The psychosocial themes in adolescents diagnosed with a co-morbid disruptive behavior and mood disorder

This study is an investigation into the psychosocial themes present in the DSM-IV diagnosis of adolescents diagnosed with a comorbid Disruptive Behavior and Mood Disorder. These themes are viewed from a psychosocial theoretical perspective. The study focuses on answering four questions. Firstly, what are the psychosocial themes present in the diagnosis of adolescents diagnosed with a comorbid Disruptive Behavior and Mood Disorder? Secondly, how does these themes impact the adolescents psychosocial development? · Thirdly, what role does these themes play as causative factors of Disruptive Behavior and Mood Disorder symptoms in adolescence? · and lastly does these themes represent interactional processes reinforcing a reciprocal pattern of behavior and mood disorder symptoms? These questions are all viewed taking the psychosocial development of the adolescent into account.Dissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2005.Psychologyunrestricte

Evaluation of in vivo techniques for the determination of apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for piglets

Three in vivo techniques were evaluated in terms of their suitability for determination of the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AID) of protein sources for piglets. The techniques were: ileo-rectal anastomosis (IRA), cannulation at the distal ileum and a slaughter technique. A standard diet and three diets in which 20% of the standard diet was substituted with either skim milk powder (SMP), fish meal or roasted full-fat soya beans (FFS) were used. Piglets were weaned at 21 days of age, and the respective diets were fed in 24 equal hourly portions per day from days 29-37. Ileal digesta was collected from day 33-37 in IRA and cannulated piglets. Piglets used for the slaughter technique were killed at 37 days of age and ileal digesta was collected. Chromium III oxide was used as an indigestible marker with all three techniques. Although AID means did not differ (p > 0.05) between the different techniques, the cannulation technique resulted in the lowest variation (standard error of the mean) of all treatments (8.2 vs 13.7 and 14.1 for the slaughter and IRA-techniques respectively). AID means obtained using the cannula technique were 1.8 percentage units higher for the SMP diet than values obtained using the other techniques (83.2 versus 81.4 %), and up to 9.3 percentage units higher for the FFS diet (75.4 versus 66.1 %). Growth data suggested that the cannulation technique caused less trauma for the piglets than the IRA-technique. IRA-piglets had not yet regained their initial weaning weight by 37 days of age, while the other piglets gained weight over the trial period. The cannulation technique is the most attractive method for use with piglets in terms of the lower variation in digestibility values. Practical aspects such as ease of handling and sampling, surgical trauma and piglet stress, are also important and contribute to the selection of the cannula technique as the most appropriate. (South African Journal of Animal Science, 2000, 30(1): 7-15

Nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Calvatia (Lycoperdaceae) and associated genera

Various nomenclatural aspects pertaining to author citations, orthography and the validity of names in the genus Calvatia, and, in one instance, Bovista, are discussed. The name Calbovista subsculpta var. fumosa is validated and the biogeographic status of Calvatia gigantea in southern Africa is discussed. The name Calvatiella lioui is lectotypified.http://www.mycotaxon.com/am201

Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae), a potential biological control agent for the submerged aquatic weed, Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae)

The leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia lagarosiphon Deeming (Diptera: Ephydridae), was investigated in its native range in South Africa, to determine its potential as a biological control agent for Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae), an invasive submerged macrophyte that is weedy in many parts of the world. The fly was found throughout the indigenous range of the plant in South Africa. High larval abundance was recorded at field sites with nearly all L. major shoots sampled ontaining larvae, with densities of up to 10 larvae per shoot. Adults laid batches of up to 15 eggs, usually on the abaxial sides of L. major leaves. The larvae mined internally, leaving the epidermal tissues of the upper and lower leaves intact. The larvae underwent three instars which took an average of 24 days and pupated within the leaf tissue, from which the adults emerged. Impact studies in the laboratory showed that H. lagarosiphon larval feeding significantly restricted the formation of L. major side branches. Based on its biology and damage caused to the plant, Hydrellia lagarosiphon could be considered as a useful biological control candidate for L. major in countries where the plant is invasive

Viraemia and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Mozambique.

This study was conducted among individuals taking first-line antiretroviral treatment (ART) for at least 12 months under programme conditions in Maputo, Mozambique in order to report on the level of detectable viraemia and the proportion and types of drug resistance mutations among those with detectable viral loads. HIV-1 RNA viral load levels (lower detection limit <50 copies/ml) were measured, and resistance mutations were sequenced. One hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients (69% females, median age 36 years) were included after a mean follow-up time of 23 months. One hundred and seven (72%; 95% CI 64-79) had undetectable viral load, while in 42 (28%, 95% CI 21-36) viral load was detectable (range 50-58884 copies/ml). From 15 patients with viral load >1000 copies/ml, 12 viruses were sequenced: eight were C subtypes and four were circulating recombinant forms (CRF08). Eight (5%; 95% CI 2-9) patients with detectable viral load had one or more major resistance mutations. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and non-NRTI mutations were observed. There were no major mutations for resistance to protease inhibitors. In Maputo, the level of detectable viraemia is reassuringly low. While embarking on ART scale-up, wider surveillance is warranted to monitor programme quality and limit the development of drug resistance, which remains a major potential challenge for the future of ART in Africa