Use of low-power He-Ne laser therapy to accelerate regeneration processes of injured sciatic nerve in rabbit.

BackgroundPhotostimulation using low-power laser had been used for nervous repair with interesting results. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of 20 mW low-power He-Ne laser on the regeneration of a peripheral sciatic nerve after trauma using the Albino rabbit as an animal model for experimental treatment.MethodsSix adult male rabbits were randomly assigned into two equal groups (control- and laser-treated). General anesthesia was administered intramuscularly, and exploration of the sciatic nerve was done in the lateral aspect of the legs. Complete longitudinal and reverse sections of the nerve were performed, which was followed by crushing of the neural sheath. Treatment was carried out directly after the trauma. Irradiation doses of low-level laser therapy (LLLT-31.5 J/cm2 ) with once a day application for 10 consecutive days and observed for 30 days. The animals were followed up for an extra 2 weeks. Two important factors were examined histopathology and functionality of the nerve.ResultsCompared to the control group, significant variations in regeneration were observed, including thicker nerve fibers, and more regular myelin layers in the treated group.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that laser therapy may be a viable approach for nerve regeneration and repair

Pode o peso ao nascer influenciar o estado nutricional, os níveis de atividade física e a aptidão física relacionada à saúde de crianças e jovens?

A aptidão física relacionada à saúde é definida como um conjunto de atributos fisiológicos que o indivíduo apresenta para o desempenho de atividades físicas diárias sem fadiga excessiva. Sabe-se que fatores como atividade física e estado nutricional influenciam diretamente os níveis de aptidão física. Entretanto, o aporte adequado de nutrientes nos períodos iniciais da vida é determinante para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de órgãos e de sistemas. O peso ao nascer está relacionado ao desenvolvimento intrauterino bem como à prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas. Recentemente o peso ao nascer tem sido associado aos níveis de aptidão física relacionada à saúde. O mecanismo subjacente pode estar relacionado aos efeitos decorrentes de insultos ocorridos no período crítico do desenvolvimento, com alterações no padrão de eventos celulares. As consequências estão na aquisição de padrões fisiológicos maduros do organismo e na ocorrência de eventos metabólicos, com prejuízo na aptidão física. O presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde e sua relação com a atividade física, o estado nutricional e com o peso ao nascer do indivíduo. Os termos de indexação utilizados foram: physical fitness, programming, physical activity, nutritional status e low birth weight. Concluiu-se que indivíduos nascidos com baixo peso apresentam alterações no estado nutricional com consequências negativas para a atividade física e aptidão física relacionada à saúde

Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell.

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org)