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Immigrant and non-immigrant women's experiences of maternity care: A systematic and comparative review of studies in five countries
Background: Understanding immigrant women’s experiences of maternity care is critical if receiving country care systems are to respond appropriately to increasing global migration. This systematic review aimed to compare what we know about immigrant and non-immigrant women’s experiences of maternity care.
Methods: Medline, CINAHL, Health Star, Embase and PsychInfo were searched for the period 1989–2012. First, we retrieved population-based studies of women’s experiences of maternity care (n = 12). For countries with identified population studies, studies focused specifically on immigrant women’s experiences of care were also retrieved (n = 22). For all included studies, we extracted available data on experiences of care and undertook a descriptive comparison.
Results: What immigrant and non-immigrant women want from maternity care proved similar: safe, high quality, attentive and individualised care, with adequate information and support. Immigrant women were less positive about their care than non-immigrant women. Communication problems and lack of familiarity with care systems impacted negatively on immigrant women’s experiences, as did perceptions of discrimination and care which was not kind or respectful.
Conclusion: Few differences were found in what immigrant and non-immigrant women want from maternity care. The challenge for health systems is to address the barriers immigrant women face by improving communication,increasing women’s understanding of care provision and reducing discrimination
Лапаротомия в системе лечения перитонитов
ПЕРИТОНИТ /ХИРБРЮШИНЫ БОЛЕЗНИ /ХИРЛАПАРОТОМИЯХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ /МЕТОДЫРЕЛАПАРОТОМИ
Improvement on corrosion resistance of NiTi orthopedic materials by carbon plasma immersion ion implantation
Nickel-titanium shape memory alloys (NiTi) have potential applications as orthopedic implants because of their unique super-elastic properties and shape memory effects. However, the problem of out-diffusion of harmful Ni ions from the alloys during prolonged use inside a human body must be overcome before they can be widely used in orthopedic implants. In this work, we enhance the corrosion resistance of NiTi using carbon plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D). Our corrosion and simulated body fluid tests indicate that either an ion-mixed amorphous carbon coating fabricated by PIII&D or direct carbon PIII can drastically improve the corrosion resistance and block the out-diffusion of Ni from the materials. Results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicate that both C2H2-PIII&D and C 2H2-PIII do not roughen the original flat surface to an extent that can lead to degradation in corrosion resistance. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex