Morphological and Morphometric Study of the Mental Foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang Point

The purpose of this work was to study the morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen (MF), as well as to evaluate its morphological configuration; in addition to taking measures of its localization using as a parameter the distances of the foramen to the inferior border of the mandible and at the alveolar ridge. 80 dry mandibles were analyzed using the test of Qui-square and T test, with 5% of significance. Its average distance, on the right side, at the inferior edge of the mandible (IEM) was of 12.96(+/- 1.57) mm and of the alveolar ridge (AR) was of 12.82(+/- 3.4) mm. On the left side it was found distant of IEM 12.96(+/- 1.32) mm and of the AR 12.82(+/- 3.22) mm. The largest horizontal diameter found was of 3.32 (+/- 0.91) mm to the right and 3.25 (+/- 0.86) mm to the left side while the largest vertical diameter was of 2.38 ( +/- 0.63) mm on the right and of 2.39 (+/- 0.58) mm on the left side. It was predominantly found in the oval form, on the right side, of which 98.3% presented as a larger diameter the horizontal (type I). On the left side, all the oval foramens were classified as of type I. 76 (95%) appeared single on both sides. As to the localization related to the mandibular dentition, it was localized in similar statistic proportions between the 1(st) and 2(nd) premolars and above the 2(nd) premolar, in 45.17% of the mandibles, on the right side. On the left side it was predominantly found between the 1(st) and 2(nd) premolars 48.48% of the mandibles. The study of the MF is of vital importance to the acupuncture practice, as well as to modern surgical procedures, like anesthesia, requiring a detailed and precise study of the morphology and morphometry of the area.27123123

Plasma hydroxy-metronidazole/metronidazole ratio can detect early changes in hepatic function in ethanol-induced liver injury

Aims: To evaluate the usefulness of plasma hydroxy-metronidazole/metronidazole (OH-MET/MET) ratios as a dynamic liver function test in ethanol abusers with or without liver cirrhosis. Methods: Metronidazole was administered intravenously for 20 min to healthy volunteers, and to patients with alcohol-induced, non-cirrhotic hepatopathy and liver cirrhosis. Plasma concentrations of metronidazole and hydroxy-metronidazole were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in samples collected 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after the metronidazole infusion. Results: Patients with non-cirrhotic alcoholic hepatopathy had significantly elevated aminotransferase levers compared to healthy volunteers and Child A patients. Child-Pugh C patients had significantly prolonged prothrombin times when compared to healthy volunteers and patients with non-cirrhotic hepatopathy. Metronidazole metabolism, as measured by the OH-MET/MET ratio following the intravenous administration of 500 mg of the drug, was significantly impaired in all ethanol-abusing individuals, including patients with non-cirrhotic alcoholic hepatopathy. Conclusions: Metronidazole metabolism was impaired in ethanol abusers, even in the absence of liver cirrhosis, indicating that ethanol was capable of affecting liver function in the early stages of alcohol-induced liver disease.13101335134

A educação física, o docente e a escola: concepções e práticas pedagógicas

Este artigo baseia-se em um estudo que investigou de que maneira as mudanças ocorridas na área da educação física vêm marcando a concepção do professor e a sua prática pedagógica. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, investigando quatro professores de educação física, selecionados segundo os seguintes critérios: atuar no ensino público em escolas diferentes, ter tempo de formado e de docência diferentes entre eles. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas recorrentes. Este procedimento baseia-se em algumas etapas de entrevistas seguida de categorização dos dados após cada uma delas. Os sujeitos participam ativamente completando, alterando e esclarecendo informações, interagindo com o pesquisador. Os resultados possibilitaram identificar que as mudanças ocorridas na área da educação física, na visão dos docentes investigados, influenciam desde os aspectos relacionados à formação inicial, passando pelas condições de trabalho na escola e a forma de organizar a prática pedagógica, influenciando na valorização da área, bem como do docente