A QM/MM approach for the study of monolayer-protected gold clusters

We report the development and implementation of hybrid methods that combine quantum mechanics (QM) with molecular mechanics (MM) to theoretically characterize thiolated gold clusters. We use, as training systems, structures such as Au25(SCH2-R)18 and Au38(SCH2-R)24, which can be readily compared with recent crystallographic data. We envision that such an approach will lead to an accurate description of key structural and electronic signatures at a fraction of the cost of a full quantum chemical treatment. As an example, we demonstrate that calculations of the 1H and 13C NMR shielding constants with our proposed QM/MM model maintain the qualitative features of a full DFT calculation, with an order-of-magnitude increase in computational efficiency.Comment: Journal of Materials Science, 201

Psychosocial interventions for patients with advanced cancer – a systematic review of the literature

Advanced cancer is associated with emotional distress, especially depression and feelings of sadness. To date, it is unclear which is the most effective way to address these problems. This review focuses on the effects of psychosocial interventions on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced cancer. It was hypothesised that patients will benefit from psychosocial interventions by improving QoL, especially in the domain of emotional functioning. The review was conducted using systematic review methodology involving a systematic search of the literature published between 1990 and 2002, quality assessment of included studies, systematic data extraction and narrative data synthesis. In all, 10 randomised controlled studies involving 13 trials were included. Overall interventions and outcome measures across studies were heterogeneous. Outcome measures, pertaining to the QoL dimension of emotional functioning, were most frequently measured. A total of 12 trials evaluating behaviour therapy found positive effects on one or more indicators of QoL, for example, depression. The results of the review support recommendation of behaviour therapy in the care of patients with advanced cancer

Psychosocial interventions for patients with advanced cancer – a systematic review of the literature

Advanced cancer is associated with emotional distress, especially depression and feelings of sadness. To date, it is unclear which is the most effective way to address these problems. This review focuses on the effects of psychosocial interventions on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced cancer. It was hypothesised that patients will benefit from psychosocial interventions by improving QoL, especially in the domain of emotional functioning. The review was conducted using systematic review methodology involving a systematic search of the literature published between 1990 and 2002, quality assessment of included studies, systematic data extraction and narrative data synthesis. In all, 10 randomised controlled studies involving 13 trials were included. Overall interventions and outcome measures across studies were heterogeneous. Outcome measures, pertaining to the QoL dimension of emotional functioning, were most frequently measured. A total of 12 trials evaluating behaviour therapy found positive effects on one or more indicators of QoL, for example, depression. The results of the review support recommendation of behaviour therapy in the care of patients with advanced cancer

Exploring students' experience of training for counselling skills and the impact on practice

Aim The aim of this study was to explore participants’ experience of an accredited counselling skills course and their perception of its impact on practice. Design A qualitative design was used utilizing a mixed-method approach. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and the repertory-grid technique. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis (interviews) and the repertory grids were analysed qualitatively using a four-stage procedure. Sample A convenience sample of six healthcare professionals undertaking a counselling skills course completed both interviews. Results The biggest impact of the course was in the area of selfawareness and skill development. The development of attentive listening, both in terms of objective and subjective findings, was evident. Students perceived that personal qualities, such as warmth and caring, were essential. All participants identified that the group were supportive and that this enhanced learning. The students changed their practice by improving their skills, increasing their awareness and by developing deeper therapeutic relationships with patients and their carers. Conclusion This research adds to the body of knowledge in palliative care. It identifies key elements in the learning of counselling skills and recognizes the impact of these skills on improving the care of palliative care patients and families

Management of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes in adolescence

Cystic fibrosis (CF) and type 1 diabetes are two of the most common chronic childhood conditions in the UK; the management of each comprises demanding and perpetual daily regiments. As the life expectancy of patients with CF has improved, there has been a corresponding increase in the number of patients developing CF-related diabetes (CFRD), some of whom are teenagers. For a number of reasons, non-adherence to treatment is a recognized problem in chronically ill teenagers, a problem exacerbated when CF and diabetes co-exist. There is a scarcity of literature concerning CFRD management, particularly in relation to adolescence, with recommendations often being based on anecdotal evidence. In this article, the aetiology, incidence, diagnosis and management of CFRD are outlined. Chronic illness in adolescence and the problem of non-compliance are explored and considered in the context of CFRD. Recommendations for practice for health professionals caring for teenagers with CFRD are offered