A problem in curriculum construction : a syllabus for the teaching of California history

This thesis represents the close personal interest of the writer, one on which she has been reading for six years. The tragic events of the past three years have intensified the belief that if democracy ever overcomes the various isms which plague the world it will be because youth, through the schools, has become familiar with the ideals which have democracy birth and has developed a deep appreciation of the labor which enabled it to grow and flower. For this, a knowledge of the history of our country is not enough. Youth must know present problems and have the courage to face and the faith to overcome them. The richness of the California background has a particular appeal. Blending of the romance of Spain, the adventurous wanderlust of the Rocky Mountain men, the imperial dream of a Swiss, the land hunger of the emigrant, and the madness of the gold rush has given us a heritage different from that of any other state. This heritage of blood, combined with one equally rich in natural resources, offers a challenge no social studies teacher can ignore. This thesis consists of three parts: an introduction, a syllabus, and an appendix. The introduction gives the writer\u27s ideas of the aims and objectives of such a course, the kind of room and equipment needed, and methods that should be used. The syllabus has been prepared in the form that would be used in the high schools of Sacramento. Each student would be given a mimeographed copy of each unit and would use it as a work outline. The first six units provide a background upon which the student would build his continued interest in the subject as he developed it in Unit VII. The appendix is a collection of miscellaneous materials to illustrate how the course can be made more interesting. The photographic work in the thesis is by James Stephens, a student in the department of education at the University of California, majoring in visual education at the University of California, majoring in visual education, and Jack Curtis and Parker Gilbert, students at C. K. McClatchy Senior HIgh School

Delivering public services in the mixed economy of welfare : perspectives from the voluntary and community sector in rural England

The voluntary and community sector in England is playing an increasingly important role in the delivery of public services to older adults and in doing so they rely on unpaid volunteers. In this article, we draw on the findings of a recent qualitative study of the impact on the voluntary and community sector of delivering ‘low-level’ public services that promote independent living and wellbeing in old age. The fieldwork focused on services that help older adults aged 70+ living in remote rural communities across three English regions. Those charged with service delivery, which is increasingly the voluntary and community sector, face particular challenges, such as uncertain funding regimes and reliance on volunteer labour

Nature-based tourism, resource dependence, and resilience of Arctic communities: framing complex issues in a changing environment

This is an original manuscript / preprint of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Journal of Sustainable Tourism on 16 May 2019, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/ https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1612905.Current research on tourism in the Arctic has focused largely on the extent, location, and type of tourism activities that occur in the region. Recently, challenges have been identified that the tourism industry is likely to face in the wake of global changes, including climate change. Related research, conducted within and outside of the Arctic, suggests that rural communities can become economically dependent on natural resource extraction (e.g. oil, gas, timber harvesting, and mining of minerals) and non-extractive resources (e.g. nature-based recreation and tourism), limiting diversification and potentially threatening resilience of rural communities. In the western USA, communities have become dependent on both extractive and non-extractive natural resource activities including nature-based tourism; however, it is less clear whether a similar situation is occurring in Arctic communities. In this article, we propose a framework and indicators to analyze the potential dependence of Arctic communities on nature-based tourism and the resilience of Arctic communities to potential boom–bust cycles of nature-based tourism. To do so, we examine the current state-of-knowledge about tourism and nature-based tourism in the Arctic through the lens of boom–bust dynamics and social-ecological systems

Promoting social inclusion? The impact of village services on the lives of older people living in rural England

Drawing on data from a qualitative study, this paper explores the impact of ‘village services’ on the lives of people aged 70 or more years living in rural England. Throughout the paper, the phrase ‘village services’ refers to six community-based services and activities provided to help meet the needs of older rural residents, namely lunch clubs, welfare rights information and advice services, befriending schemes and community warden support, in rural areas in three regions of England. It is argued that, in various ways, village services promote social inclusion by enhancing older rural residents' access to the resources, rights, goods and services that encourage social interaction and meaningful participation in community life. It is clear, however, that the overwhelming majority of users of village services are female, that older men are often reluctant to engage with the services on offer, and that the providers of village services need to find new and innovative ways of engaging with older men in rural areas. It is concluded that restricted revenue and capital resources means that the expansion of village services so that they may better meet the requirements of older rural men is unlikely

Evaluating the use of smart sensors in ground-based monitoring of landslide movement with laboratory experiments

Boulders and cobbles embedded on the body of landslides are carried downstream under the action of gravity, and the study of their transport can give important insight on their dynamics and hence the related hazard. The study examines the reliability of smart sensors to track movements of a cobble and discern between intensity and mode of movement in laboratory experiments. A tag equipped with accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer sensors was installed inside a cobble. The experiments consisted of letting the cobble fall on an inclined plane. By tilting the inclined plane at different angles, different modes of movement such as rolling, bouncing, or sliding were generated. Sliding was generated by embedding the cobble within a thin layer of sand. The position of the cobble travelling down the slope was derived from camera videos. Raw sensor data allowed detection of movement and separation of two modes of movement, namely rolling, and sliding. Additionally, reliable values for the position, velocity, and acceleration were determined by feeding a Kalman filter with smart sensor measurements and camera-based positions. Furthermore, by testing LoRaWAN wireless transmission through sand, the study showed that the signal strength tended to decrease for thicker sand layers. These findings confirm the potential to use these sensors to improve early warning systems and further studies are in progress to assess practicalities of their use in field settings

Meningococcal Disease in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of Cases Reported Through Active Surveillance in the United States, 2000-2008.

BackgroundAlthough human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an established risk factor for several bacterial infections, the association between HIV infection and meningococcal disease remains unclear.MethodsExpanded chart reviews were completed on persons with meningococcal disease and HIV infection reported from 2000 through 2008 from 9 US sites participating in an active population-based surveillance system for meningococcal disease. The incidence of meningococcal disease among patients meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) surveillance criteria was estimated using data from the National HIV Surveillance System for the participating sites.ResultsThirty-three cases of meningococcal disease in individuals with HIV infection were reported from participating sites, representing 2.0% of all reported meningococcal disease cases. Most (75.8%) persons with HIV infection were adult males aged 25 to 64 years old. Among all meningococcal disease cases aged 25 to 64 years old, case fatality ratios were similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons (13.3% vs 10.6%; P = .6). The cumulative, mean incidence of meningococcal disease among patients aged 25 to 64 years old with HIV infection ever classified as AIDS was 3.5 cases per 100000 person years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.6), compared with 0.3 cases per 100000 person years (95% CI, 0.3-0.3) for persons of the same age group not reported to have AIDS (relative risk = 12.9; 95% CI, 7.9-20.9).ConclusionsIndividuals with HIV infection meeting the AIDS surveillance case definition have a higher incidence of meningococcal disease compared with the general adult population

Replication in mammalian cells recapitulates the locus-specific differences in somatic instability of genomic GAA triplet-repeats

Friedreich ataxia is caused by an expanded (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence in intron 1 of the FXN gene. Small pool PCR analysis showed that pure (GAA·TTC)(44+) sequences at the FXN locus are unstable in somatic cells in vivo, displaying both expansions and contractions. On searching the entire human and mouse genomes we identified three other genomic loci with pure (GAA·TTC)(44+) sequences. Alleles at these loci showed mutation loads of <1% compared with 6.3–30% for FXN alleles of similar length, indicating that somatic instability in vivo is regulated by locus-specific factors. Since distance between the origin of replication and the (CTG·CAG)(n) sequence modulates repeat instability in mammalian cells, we tested if this could also recapitulate the locus-specific differences for genomic (GAA·TTC)(n) sequences. Repeat instability was evaluated following replication of a (GAA·TTC)(115) sequence in transfected COS1 cells under the control of the SV40 origin of replication located at one of five different distances from the repeat. Indeed, depending on the location of the SV40 origin relative to the (GAA·TTC)(n) sequence, we noted either no instability, predominant expansion or both expansion and contraction. These data suggest that mammalian DNA replication is a possible mechanism underlying locus-specific differences in instability of GAA triplet-repeat sequences