ENTREPRENEURS RESILIENCE IN THE FORESTRY INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OF THE PROVINCE OF MISIONES – ARGENTINE REPUBLIC

As part of the outcome of a research paper called associative management between SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in the field of industry and forestry-related activities in the Province of Misiones, this study is carried out. It analyzes the discourses of entrepreneurs of a group of SMEs in the sector of the forest-industry, to verify the existence or not of resilient behaviors and identify the characteristics of these behaviors or styles of fighting adversity by themselves. One describes the contextual hardships which they go through and detect the resilience factors as actions carried out in the different situations

La Resilencia de los Empresarios en el Sector Foresto Industrial de la Provincia de Misiones

As part of the outcome of a research paper called associative management between SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in the field of industry and forestry-related activities in the Province of Misiones, this study is carried out. It analyzes the discourses of entrepreneurs of a group of SMEs in the sector of the forest-industry, to verify the existence or not of resilient behaviors and identify the characteristics of these behaviors or styles of fighting adversity by themselves. One describes the contextual hardships which they go through and detect the resilience factors as actions carried out in the different situations.Como parte del resultado de un trabajo de investigación denominado La gestión asociativa entre PyMEs (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas) en el sector de la Foresto-industria y actividades relacionadas, en la Provincia de Misiones, se efectúa el presente estudio. Se analizan los discursos de los empresarios de un grupo de Pymes del sector de la Foresto-industria, para verificar la existencia o no de comportamientos resilientes e identificar las características de dichos comportamientos o los estilos de enfrentamientos a las adversidades por parte de los mismos. Se describen las adversidades contextuales por las que atraviesan y se detectan los factores resilientes como acciones efectuadas en las distintas situaciones

Forestry SMEs' competitiveness

The objective of the present research is to describe the timber Small and Medium Sized Enterprises of the Province of Misiones which use inputs coming from the implanted forests and the derivative products, with the purpose of identifying the management variables and their impact on competitiveness and managerial productivity, contemplating the strengthening of the inductor aspects to the process of development of exports and the mitigation of those considered restrictiv

La Gobernanza en la gestión asociativa entre PYMES: Sector de la foresto-industria y actividades relacionadas.

The objective of this paper is to measure the governance potential condition of the conglomerate in an associative condition. It was focused as from two aspects: on one hand the contextual one, centered on the social capital as a �structural� element in the territory; and b, belongs to the agents, centered on the leadership of the actors, which is manifested by the conductor and guide and for the capacity manifested by each one of them, to detect signs on problems or environment demands. It is a qualitative research, in which information was gathered through interviews to twelve entrepreneurs of the Forestry-Industry sector and related activities in the Northern Zone of the Province of Misiones, (Upper Paraná zone). It was analyzed by means of the Atlas ti Program, version 4.1. Said analyses showed that none of the interviewed cases, credited the conditions of the desired governance.El presente estudio tiene como objetivo la medición de la potencial condición de gobernanza de los miembros del conglomerado del sector en una condición de asociatividad. Se enfocó a partir de dos aspectos: por un lado el contextual, centrado en el capital social como elemento �estructural� en el territorio; y b) el propio de los agentes, centrado en el liderazgo de los actores, que se manifiesta por las características de conductor y guía y por la capacidad manifiesta de cada uno de ellos para detectar señales sobre problemas o demandas del entorno. Es una investigación cualitativa, en la que se recolectó información por medio de entrevistas a doce empresarios del sector de la Foresto-industria y actividades relacionadas, de la zona norte de la Provincia de Misiones (zona del Alto Paraná). La misma fue analizada por medio del Programa Atlas ti versión 4.1. Dichos análisis evidenciaron que ninguno de los casos entrevistados acreditó las condiciones de gobernanza pretendida

La competitividad de PYMES forestales

El objetivo de la presente investigación es describir las PyMes madereras de la Provincia de Misiones que utilicen insumos provenientes de los bosques implantados y los productos derivados, con el fin de identificar las variables de gestión y su impacto en la competitividad y productividad empresarial, contemplando el fortalecimiento de los aspectos inductores al proceso de desarrollo de la exportación y la mitigación de aquellos considerados restrictivos

Airway cell involvement in intermittent hypoxia-induced airway inflammation

International audienceRespiratory inflammation has been described in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, but it is unknown whether the increased neutrophil and interleukin (IL)-8 levels observed in induced sputum reflect systemic or local airway inflammation. We assessed the potential role of resident cells in intermittent hypoxia-induced airway inflammation

Erosividade e características hidrológicas das chuvas de Rio Grande (RS) Erosivity and hydrological characteristics of rainfalls in Rio Grande (RS, Brazil)

As características específicas das chuvas variam entre regiões, e o conhecimento da sua potencialidade em causar erosão é necessário para planejar atividades agrícolas e de engenharia civil. Para a localidade de Rio Grande (RS), foi determinada a erosividade e sua relação com a precipitação e o coeficiente de chuva, os padrões hidrológicos e o período de retorno das chuvas. Utilizaram-se dados pluviográficos de 23 anos de Rio Grande. Para cada chuva erosiva, foram separados os segmentos do pluviograma com a mesma intensidade e registrados os dados em planilha. Com o programa Chuveros foram calculados a erosividade mensal, anual e média pelo índice EI30 no Sistema Internacional de Unidades e os padrões hidrológicos das chuvas. Os valores médios mensais da precipitação e do índice de erosividade foram expressos como percentagens do valor médio anual da precipitação e do índice de erosividade, respectivamente, a fim de obter a curva de distribuição acumulada da precipitação e do índice de erosividade em função do tempo. O coeficiente de chuva (Rc) foi calculado. Foram realizadas correlações de Pearson e regressões lineares simples entre o índice de erosividade EI30 e os valores médios anuais de precipitação e de coeficiente de chuva. O período de retorno foi calculado para 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 e 100 anos. O valor médio anual da erosividade das chuvas com base no índice EI30 para o Rio Grande foi de 5.135 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, valor que representa o Fator "R" da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (USLE). As equações de regressão entre EI30 e precipitação e coeficiente de chuva não foram significativas. Em relação ao total das chuvas, 32,6 % do número e 99,3 % do volume foram erosivos. Do número total das chuvas erosivas, 45,6 % foram do padrão hidrológico avançado, 25,6 % do intermediário e 28,7 % do atrasado, ao passo que, do volume total das chuvas erosivas, 47,8 % foram do padrão avançado, 28,0 % do intermediário e 24,2 % do atrasado. Da erosividade anual, 49,1 % correspondeu a chuvas do padrão avançado, 28,9 % a chuvas do padrão intermediário e 22,1 % a chuvas do padrão atrasado. O método da distribuição extrema tipo I foi adequado para obter as curvas de intensidade-duração-frequência. Os períodos de retorno da chuva podem ser calculados por meio das equações, utilizando os valores dos parâmetros encontrados, ou pelos gráficos das curvas de intensidade-duração-frequência.<br>Specific rainfall characteristics vary among regions and their erosion potential must be known for the planning of agricultural and civil engineering activities. For Rio Grande (RS, Brazil), the erosivity and relationships with the precipitation and rainfall coefficient, rainfall hydrologic patterns and return period were determined based on rainfall data of 23 years. For each erosive rainfall the segments of the rainfall chart with the same intensity were separated together and the data registered in worksheets. The mean monthly and annual rainfall erosivity, the EI30 index in the International System of Units and the rainfall patterns were estimated using software Chuveros. The mean monthly values of precipitation and erosivity index were expressed as percentage of the mean annual values of these variables, resulting in the curve of accumulated distribution of precipitation and erosivity index in function of time. The rainfall coefficient (Rc) was calculated. Pearson correlations and linear regressions between the erosivity index EI30 and the mean annual values of precipitation and rainfall coefficient were calculated. The rainfall return period was calculated for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years. The mean annual value of EI30 was 5135 MJ mm ha-1 h-1, which is to be used as "R" Factor in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) for Rio Grande and surrounding regions with similar climatic conditions. The regression equations for EI30 and precipitation and rainfall coefficient were not significant. Regarding the total rainfalls studied, it was found that 32.6 % of the rainfalls and 99.3 % of the rain volume were erosive. From the total number of erosive rainfalls, 45.6 % had an advanced hydrologic pattern, 25.6 % an intermediary and 28.7 % a delayed pattern, while for the total volume of erosive rainfalls, 47.8 % had an advanced hydrologic pattern, 28.0 % an intermediary and 24.2 % a delayed pattern. In terms of annual erosivity, 49.1 % corresponded to rainfalls with an advanced, 28.9 % an intermediary and 22.1 % to a delayed pattern. The method of extreme distribution type I was adequate to obtain intensity-duration-frequency curves. Rainfall return periods can be calculated by the equations using the values of the parameters found, or by the graphs of intensity-duration-frequency