12,190 research outputs found
Stimulating innovation in Russia: the role of institutions and policies
This paper examines the potential role of innovation policy in enhancing long-term productivity growth in Russia. It begins by exploring the role of framework conditions for business in encouraging innovative activities, particularly with respect to intellectual property rights and competition. Realising Russiaâs innovation potential will also require reform of the large public science sector. This raises issues pertaining to the organisation and financing of public research bodies and, in particular, to the incentives and opportunities they face in commercialising the results of their research. Finally, the paper looks at the potential role of direct interventions, such as special economic zones and technoparks, as well as the scope for improving the tax regime for private-sector R&D
Too little destruction, too little creation: a Schumpeterian diagnosis of the barriers to sustained growth in Ukraine
This paper examines problems of entry, exit and competition in Ukrainian product markets. It finds that Ukraine still has too little of all three, and that exit mechanisms, in particular, function poorly. Since impediments to entry and exit are largely the product of excessive and ill administered regulation, the paper also provides a systematic assessment of product-market regulation in Ukraine, using indicators developed by the OECD Economics Department. Finally, the paper presents the main findings of two empirical studies concerned with the potentially large benefits of opening up markets, via both increased competition and further privatisation, for productivity growth in Ukraine.
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Cet article examine les questions de concurrence, dâentrĂ©e et de sortie des entreprises sur le marchĂ© des biens. Il montre que toutes trois demeurent insuffisantes en Ukraine, et que les mĂ©canismes de sortie du marchĂ©, en particulier, fonctionnent de maniĂšre trĂšs imparfaite. Compte tenu du fait que les barriĂšres Ă lâentrĂ©e et Ă la sortie sont largement le produit dâune rĂ©glementation excessive et mal appliquĂ©e, lâarticle donne une Ă©valuation systĂ©matique du niveau de rĂ©glementation du marchĂ© des biens en Ukraine, en utilisant les indicateurs dĂ©veloppĂ©s par le DĂ©partement des affaires Ă©conomiques. Enfin, lâarticle expose les principaux rĂ©sultats de deux Ă©tudes empiriques Ă©valuant les effets bĂ©nĂ©fiques sur la croissance de la productivitĂ© de lâouverture des marchĂ©s, dâune part par un accroissement de la concurrence et dâautre part par la poursuite des privatisations
Hidden Symmetries and Commensurability of 2-Bridge Link Complements
In this paper, we show that any non-arithmetic hyperbolic -bridge link
complement admits no hidden symmetries. As a corollary, we conclude that a
hyperbolic -bridge link complement cannot irregularly cover a hyperbolic
-manifold. By combining this corollary with the work of Boileau and
Weidmann, we obtain a characterization of -manifolds with non-trivial
JSJ-decomposition and rank two fundamental groups. We also show that the only
commensurable hyperbolic -bridge link complements are the figure-eight knot
complement and the link complement. Our work requires a careful
analysis of the tilings of that come from lifting the
canonical triangulations of the cusps of hyperbolic -bridge link
complements.Comment: This is the final (accepted) version of this pape
Prolific Inventor Productivity and Mobility: A Western/Asian com-parison. Evidence from US Patent Data for 12 Countries
This paper provides new insights into the role of individual inventors inthe innovation process. Individuals are central in this creative process becauseinnovation is not simply a product of firms and organizations; it requiresindividual creativity (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007). We focus our analysis on prolific inventors (a rich sub category of inventors) because they contribute sohugely to national invention totals (Le Bas et al., 2010) and tend to produceinventions that have more economic value (Gambardella et al., 2005; Gay et al.,2008). Converging empirical evidence has established the significance ofprolific inventors (Ernst et al., 2000). Previous studies of prolific (or âkeyâ)inventors have focused more on the firms in which they work or on the industriesin which the firms operate. Narin and Breitzmanâs (1995) seminal work on thetopic is based on an analysis of only four firms in a single sector and a recentpaper by Pilkington et al. (2009) uses only two firms. In contrast to these studieson small samples, we use a very large data set which includes thousands ofinventors in thousands of firms from several countries.ArtykuĆ przedstawia nowe spojrzenie na rolÄ indywidualnych wynalazcĂłw w procesie tworzenia innowacji. Wynalazcy indywidualni stanowiÄ
element centralny procesu twĂłrczego. Innowacja nie jest produktem firm i organizacji, wymaga indywidualnej kreatywnoĆci (Rothaermel i Hess 2007). Badanie koncentruje siÄ na analizie pĆodnych wynalazcĂłw. Wynalazcy tej kategorii majÄ
najwyĆŒszy udziaĆ w generowaniu ogĂłĆu wynalazkĂłw (Le Bas et al. 2010) o wysokiej wartoĆci ekonkomicznej (Gambardella et al. 2005). Poprzednie badania kluczowych wynalazcĂłw skupiaĆy siÄ analizie firm, w ktĂłrych pracujÄ
lub w branĆŒach, w ktĂłrych te firmy dziaĆajÄ
"Causes, Consequences and Dynamics of 'Complex' Distributions of Technological Activities: The Case of Prolific Inventors"
We provide a framework for understanding the causes and consequences of the observed shapes of the distributions of individual inventors' productivities. We review a literature that begins with Lotka's (1926) "law" regarding the persistence of variability in scientific productivity at any point in time and also over time. We discuss use of the "power law" and the Pareto distribution to describe and explain the empirical distributions. We focus on the upper parts of the frequency distributions for inventors exploring the processes underlying knowledge accumulation at the individual level, including its features, characteristics, and structural trends. Finally we explore the specific processes by which these individuals create, maintain, and increase knowledge accumulation as their careers evolve.patents, inventors, prolific, lotka
Two-Loop Virtual Corrections to Drell-Yan Production at order alpha_s alpha^3
The Drell-Yan mechanism for the production of lepton pairs is one of the most
basic processes for physics studies at hadron colliders. It is therefore
important to have accurate theoretical predictions. In this work we compute the
two-loop virtual mixed QCD x QED corrections to Drell-Yan production. We
evaluate the Feynman diagrams by decomposing the amplitudes into a set of known
master integrals and their coefficients, which allows us to derive an
analytical result. We also perform a detailed study of the ultraviolet and
infrared structure of the two-loop amplitude and the corresponding poles in
epsilon.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
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