24 research outputs found
Homeostatic and Tissue Reparation Defaults in Mice Carrying Selective Genetic Invalidation of CXCL12/Proteoglycan Interactions.
International audienceBACKGROUND: Interaction with heparan sulfate proteoglycans is supposed to provide chemokines with the capacity to immobilize on cell surface and extracellular matrix for accomplishing both tissue homing and signaling of attracted cells. However, the consequences of the exclusive invalidation of such interaction on the roles played by endogenous chemokines in vivo remain unascertained. METHODS AND RESULTS: We engineered a mouse carrying a Cxcl12 gene (Cxcl12(Gagtm)) mutation that precludes interactions with heparan sulfate structures while not affecting CXCR4-dependent cell signaling of CXCL12 isoforms (α, ÎČ, Îł). Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) mice develop normally, express normal levels of total and isoform-specific Cxcl12 mRNA, and show increased counting of circulating CD34(+) hematopoietic precursor cells. After induced acute ischemia, a marked impaired capacity to support revascularization was observed in Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) animals associated with a reduced number of infiltrating cells in the ischemic tissue despite the massive expression of CXCL12 isoforms. Importantly, exogenous administration of CXCL12Îł, which binds heparan sulfate with the highest affinity ever reported for a cytokine, fully restores vascular growth, whereas heparan sulfate-binding CXCL12Îł mutants failed to promote revascularization in Cxcl12(Gagtm/Gagtm) animals. CONCLUSION: These findings prove the role played by heparan sulfate interactions in the functions of CXCL12 in both homeostasis and physiopathological settings and document for the first time the paradigm of chemokine immobilization in vivo
Cryptococcal Cell Morphology Affects Host Cell Interactions and Pathogenicity
Cryptococcus neoformans is a common life-threatening human fungal pathogen. The size of cryptococcal cells is typically 5 to 10 ”m. Cell enlargement was observed in vivo, producing cells up to 100 ”m. These morphological changes in cell size affected pathogenicity via reducing phagocytosis by host mononuclear cells, increasing resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress, and correlated with reduced penetration of the central nervous system. Cell enlargement was stimulated by coinfection with strains of opposite mating type, and ste3aΠpheromone receptor mutant strains had reduced cell enlargement. Finally, analysis of DNA content in this novel cell type revealed that these enlarged cells were polyploid, uninucleate, and produced daughter cells in vivo. These results describe a novel mechanism by which C. neoformans evades host phagocytosis to allow survival of a subset of the population at early stages of infection. Thus, morphological changes play unique and specialized roles during infection
Mimes saccharides d'Inositol Phosphate Glycanne (synthÚse et propriétés insulo-mimétiques)
Dans le but d'améliorer la compréhension du rÎle que joue les IPG (Inositol Phosphate Glycanne) dans la signalisation de l'insuline, la synthÚses de différents analogues de type O-et C-disaccharidique a été réalisée. Dans un premier temps, la synthÚse de huit O-disaccharides dont les aglycones lyxose, arabinose et ribose portent un phosphate cyclique, est décrite. La deuxiÚme partie est consacrée à la synthÚses totale en treize étapes d'un C-disaccharide, portant également un phosphate cyclique. L'activité de ces composés sur la prolifération cellulaire a été mesurée sur des cellules d'adénocarcinomes de colon humain et des fibroblastes dermiques. Les effets insulino-mimétiques de ces molécules on été évalués sur la captation du glucose sur une lignée d'adipocytes.That work deals with the synthesis of O- and C-disaccharide analogues of PIG (Phosphate Inositol Glycan) in order to have a better understanding of its role in the signalisation of insulin. Firstly, th synthesis of eight O-disaccharides, in which the aglycon part (lyxose, arabinose and ribose) includes a cyclic phosphate. Secondly, we present th total synthesis in thirteen steps of C-disaccharide which also includes a cyclic phosphate. The biological activity of those compounds on the cellular growth was measured on human colon adenocarcinomae cells and on dermic fibroblasts. The insulino-mimetic effects of those compounds were evaluated on the glucose uptake in adipocytes.NANCY1-SCD Sciences & Techniques (545782101) / SudocSudocFranceF
ETUDE DE L'APOPTOSE NEURONALE DANS LES MALADIES A PRIONS
PARIS12-CRETEIL BU MĂ©decine (940282101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
SynthÚse de groupements prosthétiques glucidiques (vers de nouveaux traceurs peptidiques pour l'imagerie par tomographie par émission de positons (TEP))
L utilisation de peptides ou de protéines radiomarquées au fluor-18, comme radiotraceurs pour l imagerie par Tomographie par Emission de Positons (TEP) est en plein essor. C est ainsi que l objectif de notre travail a été de concevoir et de synthétiser de nouveaux groupements prosthétiques de nature glucidique, analogues du 2-Fluoro-2-[18F]désoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). La particularité de ces derniers, est qu ils sont porteurs de motifs azides afin de les lier de façon simple et efficace à des biomolécules fonctionnalisées par des groupements alcynes via la réaction de Huisgen ou réaction de click chemistry . Le premier objectif de ce travail a été d étudier la position idéale d introduction du motif azide sur le FDG, soit sur la position C-1, soit sur la position C-6. Deux stratégies de synthÚse différentes ont été développées pour aboutir à deux générations de précurseurs de marquage et à leurs références froides, permettant ainsi d évaluer l étape d incorporation du fluor-18. Le second objectif a été d introduire un groupement propargyle sur la phénylalanine, la cystéine et le glutathion afin de réaliser le couplage par click chemistry avec le meilleur groupement prosthétique obtenu.The use of peptides or proteins labeled with fluorine-18, as agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a rapidly growing field. Thus, the objective of our work was to create and to synthesize new glycosyl prosthetic groups, which are analogs of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG). The particularity of these compounds is their azide moiety which enables a simple and efficient ligation with alkynylated amino acids via a Huisgen type reaction or click Chemistry . The first goal was to study the ideal position for the introduction of the azide moiety on the sugar, either at the C-1 or C-6 position. In order to evaluate the incorporation of fluorine-18, two different strategies were developed to obtain two generations of labeled precursors and cold references. The second objective was to synthesize alkynylated phenylalanine, cysteine and gluthation derivatives to test the click Chemistry ligation method with the best prosthetic group.NANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocSudocFranceF
Immobilisation de réactifs organostanniques sur support solide : applications en synthÚse organique
Dans une premiĂšre partie, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode d'halogĂ©nation rĂ©giosĂ©lective d'amines aromatiques utilisant un rĂ©actif organostannique supportĂ© recyclable. Nous avons ensuite dĂ©crit une nouvelle mĂ©thode de synthĂšse d'allylĂ©tains -fonctionnalisĂ©s immobilisĂ©s sur un support solide. Ces rĂ©actifs ont montrĂ© une excellente rĂ©activitĂ© ainsi qu'une importante tolĂ©rance fonctionnelle dans la rĂ©action d'allylstannation d'aldĂ©hydes dans des conditions douces permettant ainsi leur utilisation en synthĂšse parallĂšle. Enfin, nous avons synthĂ©tisĂ© des vinylĂ©tains supportĂ©s et prĂ©sentĂ© leur rĂ©activitĂ© dans le couplage de Stille. De plus, par rĂ©action d'un vinylĂ©tain fonctionnalisĂ© avec un cyanocuprate, nous avons eu accĂšs Ă un -alcoxyallylĂ©tain supportĂ©. Ce travail met en avant l'intĂ©rĂȘt de cette mĂ©thodologie supportĂ©e, Ă savoir, sa facilitĂ© de mise en Ćuvre, la pollution nĂ©gligeable par l'Ă©tain dans les composĂ©s synthĂ©tisĂ©s et le recyclage des rĂ©actifs sans diminution de leurs activitĂ©s.In a first part, we developed a clean and regioselective method of halogenation of aromatic amines by means of polymer-supported organotin reagents. We then described a new efficient synthesis of -functionalized allyltins grafted on solid support. These reagents showed excellent reactivity and compatibility with various functional groups in the allylstannation of aldehydes in very smooth conditions allowing their use in parallel synthesis. Last, we prepared supported vinyltins and presented their good reactivity in Stille cross-coupling. We finally explored the reaction of a functionalized vinyltin with a cyanocuprate as a route for polymer-supported -alkoxyallyltins. This whole work exhibits the advantages of this solid-phase methodology namely its easy workup, the negligible contamination by tin residues in the final products and the recycling of these polymer-supported organotin reagents without loss of their activity.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Immobilisation de réactifs organostanniques sur support solide : applications en synthÚse organique
Dans une premiĂšre partie, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode d'halogĂ©nation rĂ©giosĂ©lective d'amines aromatiques utilisant un rĂ©actif organostannique supportĂ© recyclable. Nous avons ensuite dĂ©crit une nouvelle mĂ©thode de synthĂšse d'allylĂ©tains -fonctionnalisĂ©s immobilisĂ©s sur un support solide. Ces rĂ©actifs ont montrĂ© une excellente rĂ©activitĂ© ainsi qu'une importante tolĂ©rance fonctionnelle dans la rĂ©action d'allylstannation d'aldĂ©hydes dans des conditions douces permettant ainsi leur utilisation en synthĂšse parallĂšle. Enfin, nous avons synthĂ©tisĂ© des vinylĂ©tains supportĂ©s et prĂ©sentĂ© leur rĂ©activitĂ© dans le couplage de Stille. De plus, par rĂ©action d'un vinylĂ©tain fonctionnalisĂ© avec un cyanocuprate, nous avons eu accĂšs Ă un -alcoxyallylĂ©tain supportĂ©. Ce travail met en avant l'intĂ©rĂȘt de cette mĂ©thodologie supportĂ©e, Ă savoir, sa facilitĂ© de mise en Ćuvre, la pollution nĂ©gligeable par l'Ă©tain dans les composĂ©s synthĂ©tisĂ©s et le recyclage des rĂ©actifs sans diminution de leurs activitĂ©s.In a first part, we developed a clean and regioselective method of halogenation of aromatic amines by means of polymer-supported organotin reagents. We then described a new efficient synthesis of -functionalized allyltins grafted on solid support. These reagents showed excellent reactivity and compatibility with various functional groups in the allylstannation of aldehydes in very smooth conditions allowing their use in parallel synthesis. Last, we prepared supported vinyltins and presented their good reactivity in Stille cross-coupling. We finally explored the reaction of a functionalized vinyltin with a cyanocuprate as a route for polymer-supported -alkoxyallyltins. This whole work exhibits the advantages of this solid-phase methodology namely its easy workup, the negligible contamination by tin residues in the final products and the recycling of these polymer-supported organotin reagents without loss of their activity.NANTES-BU Sciences (441092104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Diastereoselective synthesis of new O-alkylated and C-branched inositols and their corresponding fluoro analogues
International audienceEfficient routes were developed for the diastereoselective synthesis of new O-alkylated and C-branched inositols and their corresponding fluoro analogues. The key steps of the synthesis were the easy accessibility of different types of arms in term of configuration (myo and scyllo), the linking method and length, which could modulate the biological properties. These inositol derivatives, bearing an arm terminated either with a hydroxy group or a fluorine atom, could be interesting candidates for diastereoisomeric intermediates and biological evaluations, especially for PET imaging experiments