Multiplication of native endomycorrhizae isolated from arid soils on organic substrates in wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum)

Purpose Organic residues of coffee pulp, sugarcane bagasse and mature bovine manure are a source of organic matter and nutrients for the multiplication of endomycorrhizae consortia. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to multiply the AMFs in such substrates to decrease soil and water pollution.Method A pot experiment under greenhouse conditions was conducted in order to evaluate the influence of agricultural residues (C2-GEC, C3-PAR, C12-PRO, C14-ZAR) with different genera of endomycorrhizae isolated from semi-arid soils, 75 days after the crop was established. Agronomic characteristics and mineral content of N, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in root and shoot were evaluated in wheat (Triticum aestivum).Results Multiplication of endomycorrhizae was influenced by the residue type. Greater production of spores was observed in the coffee pulp, followed by the sugarcane bagasse, where a higher colonization was obtained in combination of C2-GEC and C3-PAR consortia. This consortia combination also was one of those that have increased the content of N, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in roots and shoots of wheat.Conclusion Combination of native endomycorrhiza substrates and consortia provides an alternative tool that benefits the physiology and nutrition of the plant to be used in sustainable agricultural production systems

Antagonist microorganism: an alternative for the biological control of fungal diseases present in coffee crop (Coffea arabica L.)

El control biológico aprovecha la capacidad de algunos microorganismos para controlar las poblaciones de vectores en plantas; y poco se conoce de los mecanismos de control con antagonistas contra agentes fúngicos. El café tiene importancia en el sector agrícola con prestigio a nivel mundial. Existen facto res bióticos que delimitan y disminuyen la calidad de la producción del grano de café, destaca la presencia de enfermedades causadas principalmente por hongos como Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley & Bromme, causante de la roya anaranjada del café, Cercospora coffeicola Berkeley & Curtis que causa la mancha de hierro y Mycena citricolor Berkeley & Curtis, de ojo de gallo. La presente revisión tiene por objetivo recopilar información bibliográfica disponible, respecto al control biológico como alternativa para la agricultura moderna, las interacciones y mecanismos antagónicos a patógenos entre microorganismos, con énfasis en el control biológico de enfermedades causadas por hongos fitopatógenos en el cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.). Las citas bibliográficas muestran que es necesario realizar investigaciones enfocadas en el aislamiento, identificación y selección de microorganismos entre las comunidades microbianas, con énfasis en el discernimiento de los mecanismos que influyen en el ciclo de vida de los patógenos y, definir con ello la posible aplicación biotecnológica durante la producción de café.CONACY

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Rizobacterias y hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares como alternativa biotecnológica para mejorar el vigor y sanidad de portainjertos de cítricos.

El aprovechamiento de agentes biológicos como rizobacterias y hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares constituye una alternativa viable para disminuir el uso de agroquímicos en la producción agrícola. Se evaluó el potencial de rizobacterias y hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares como promotores del crecimiento y agentes de control biológico en plantas de cítricos. En la primera etapa de tres, se realizaron pruebas de reacción bioquímica, las cuales permitieron la identificación de las cepas FCA-56 y FCA-60 como Pseudomonas putida, FCA-8 como Pseudomonas fluorescens y en el caso de las cepas FCA-9, FCA-10, FCA-35 y FCA-52 se confirmó el género Pseudomonas. Además, se determinó la capacidad antagónica in vitro de las siete cepas rizobacterianas sobre el crecimiento de Phytophthora parasitica. Todas las cepas inhibieron el crecimiento del patógeno, la mayor inhibición se obtuvo con las cepas FCA-56 (56.84 %) y FCA-8 (56.63 %). En la segunda etapa, se identificaron molecularmente las cepas FCA-8, FCA-56 y FCA-60; para cada cepa se amplificó un fragmento de ADNr de 750 pb. Los fragmentos generaron secuencias consenso de 315, 365 y 370 nucleótidos para FCA-8, FCA-56 y FCA-60, respectivamente. Las secuencias consenso se compararon con secuencias del Genbank (NCBI), se obtuvo el 100 % de similitud de las tres cepas con la especie P. putida. En la tercera etapa, se evaluó el efecto de las tres cepas rizobacterianas y un consorcio de hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares sobre el crecimiento de los portainjertos Citrus volkameriana y lima Rangpur injertados con limón Persa, y su efecto antagónico frente a P. parasitica. Las cepas rizobacterianas y el consorcio micorrizógeno en lo individual y combinados, promovieron el crecimiento de las plantas y confirieron capacidad antagónica frente a P. parasitica en condiciones de vivero. _______________ RHIZOBACTERIA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI LIKE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE TO IMPROVE THE VIGOR AND HEALTH OF CITRUS PLANT. ABSTRACT: The use of biological agents such as rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a viable alternative to reduce the use of agrochemicals in agricultural production. The potential of rhizobacteria and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) as growth promoters and biological control agents was evaluated in citrus plants. In the first stage of three, biochemical techniques were used to identify the strains FCA-56 and FCA-60 as Pseudomonas putida and FCA-8 as Pseudomonas fluorescens, while the Pseudomonas genus was confirmed for the strains FCA-9, FCA-10, FCA-35 and FCA-52. In vitro antagonism of seven rhizobacteria strains against Phytophthora parasitica was evaluated. All strains inhibited growth of the pathogen, with the greatest inhibition obtained with strains FCA-56 (56.84 %) and FCA-8 (56.63 %). In the second stage, the strains FCA-8, FCA-56 and FCA-60 were identified using molecular techniques. From each strain, a 750 bp rDNA fragment was amplified and consensus sequences of 315, 365 and 370 nucleotides were generated for FCA-8, FCA-56 and FCA-60, respectively. The consensus sequences were compared with sequences from Genbank (NCBI) and 100 % similarity with the species P. putida was obtained for all three strains. In the third stage, the effect of these three strains, and VAM, was evaluated on the growth of rootstocks of Citrus volkameriana, Rangpur lime and grafts of Tahiti lime, as was their antagonistic effect against P. parasitica. The rhizobacteria strains and VAM, both individually and in combination, promoted the growth of the plants and conferred antagonistic capacity against P. parasitica under nursery conditions.Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias, especialista en Agroecosistemas Tropicales).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2011.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Effect of Marine Bacteria and Ulvan on the Activity of Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and the Bio-Protection of Papaya Fruit against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is one of the most important diseases in papaya fruit. Its control has been achieved with synthetic fungicides, but the application of marine bacteria and the sulphated polysaccharide ulvan (structural description: β[1,4]-D-GlcA-α[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, β[1,4]-L-IdoA-α[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, β[1,4]-D-Xyl-α[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate, and β[1,4]-D-Xyl 2-sulfate-α[1,4]-L-Rha 3 sulfate) from Ulva sp. can be an alternative in the use of agrochemicals. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effect in vitro and in vivo of two marine bacteria, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and ulvan in papaya fruit’s bio-protection against C. gloeosporioides. The capacity of marine bacteria to inhibit mycelial growth and phytopathogen spore germination in vitro through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbohydrate competition was evaluated. Fruit was inoculated with bacteria, ulvan, and C. gloeosporioides and incubated at 25 °C and 90% of relative humidity (RH) for seven days. Disease incidence (%), lesion diameter (mm), and antioxidant defense enzyme activity (such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were quantified. In vitro, C. gloeosporioides was inhibited by S. rhizophila and B. amyloliquefaciens. In vivo, disease incidence and the lesion diameter of anthracnose on papaya fruit were significantly reduced by marine bacteria and ulvan. Antioxidant defense enzyme activity played an important role in fruit bio-protection against C. gloeosporioides. The application of marine bacteria and ulvan can be an alternative in the sustainable postharvest management of papaya