7,116 research outputs found
Electrodes for sealed secondary batteries
Self-supporting membrane electrode structures, in which active ingredients and graphite are incorporated in a polymeric matrix, improve performance of electrodes in miniature, sealed, alkaline storage batteries
Long-term performance modelling of a combined energy generation system
The installation of the combined energy generation system at West Beacon Farm,
Loughborough, Leicestershire commenced in 1988, since when it has steadily grown in
both generating capacity and operating complexity. It now consists of three electrical
generating sources: two 25kW fixed speed horizontal axis wind turbines, a 6kWp
photovoltaic array consisting of both monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells and a
15kW combined heat and power unit which also provides 38kW of thermal energy.
Electricity is stored in a 184kWh lead acid battery, and also imported and exported from
the grid. Previous research on the system was limited, due to lack of detailed system
information and time. Therefore the aim of this research project has been to develop a
more detailed and accurate computer model of the system that enables the present
operating strategy to be evaluated, together with the effects on the system of changing
this strategy. The outcome will be to optimize the generating cost and to provide a model
with the flexibility to investigate the conditions in other hybrid systems. [Continues.
Aerodynamic configuration development of the highly maneuverable aircraft technology remotely piloted research vehicle
The aerodynamic development of the highly maneuverable aircraft technology remotely piloted research vehicle (HiMAT/RPRV) from the conceptual design to the final configuration is presented. The design integrates several advanced concepts to achieve a high degree of transonic maneuverability, and was keyed to sustained maneuverability goals while other fighter typical performance characteristics were maintained. When tests of the baseline configuration indicated deficiencies in the technology integration and design techniques, the vehicle was reconfigured to satisfy the subcritical and supersonic requirements. Drag-due-to-lift levels only 5 percent higher than the optimum were obtained for the wind tunnel model at a lift coefficient of 1 for Mach numbers of up to 0.8. The transonic drag rise was progressively lowered with the application of nonlinear potential flow analyses coupled with experimental data
Sewing sound quantum flesh onto classical bones
Semiclassical transformation theory implies an integral representation for
stationary-state wave functions in terms of angle-action variables
(). It is a particular solution of Schr\"{o}dinger's time-independent
equation when terms of order and higher are omitted, but the
pre-exponential factor in the integrand of this integral
representation does not possess the correct dependence on . The origin of
the problem is identified: the standard unitarity condition invoked in
semiclassical transformation theory does not fix adequately in a
factor which is a function of the action written in terms of and
. A prescription for an improved choice of this factor, based on
succesfully reproducing the leading behaviour of wave functions in the vicinity
of potential minima, is outlined. Exact evaluation of the modified integral
representation via the Residue Theorem is possible. It yields wave functions
which are not, in general, orthogonal. However, closed-form results obtained
after Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization bear a striking resemblance to the exact
analytical expressions for the stationary-state wave functions of the various
potential models considered (namely, a P\"{o}schl-Teller oscillator and the
Morse oscillator).Comment: RevTeX4, 6 page
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Development of a Virtual Laparoscopic Trainer using Accelerometer Augmented Tools to Assess Performance in Surgical training
Previous research suggests that virtual reality (VR) may supplement conventional training in laparoscopy. It may prove useful in the selection of surgical trainees in terms of their dexterity and spatial awareness skills in the near future. Current VR training solutions provide levels of realism and in some instances, haptic feedback, but they are cumbersome by being tethered and not ergonomically close to the actual surgical instruments for weight and freedom of use factors. In addition, they are expensive hence making them less accessible to departments than conventional box trainers. The box trainers in comparison, although more economical, lack tangible feedback and realism for handling delicate tissue structures. We have previously reported on the development of a modified digitally enhanced surgical instrument for laparoscopic training, named the Parkar Tool. This tool contains wireless accelerometer and gyroscopic sensors integrated into actual laparoscopic instruments. By design, it alleviates the need for both tethered and physically different shaped tools thereby enhancing the realism when performing surgical procedures. Additionally the software (Valhalla) has the ability to digitally record surgical motions, thereby enabling it to remotely capture surgical training data to analyse and objectively evaluate performance. We have adapted and further developed our initial single training tool method as used with a laparoscopic pyloromyotomy scenario, to an enhanced method using multiple Parkar wireless tools simultaneously, for use in several different case scenarios. This allows the use and measurement of right and left handed dexterity with the benefit of using several tasks of differing complexity. The development of a 3D tissue-surface deformations solution written in OpenGL gives us several different virtual surgical training scenario approximations to use with the instruments. The trainee can start with learning simple tasks e.g. incising tissue, grasping, squeezing and stretching tissue, to more complex procedures such as suturing, herniotomies, bowel anastomoses, as well as the original pyloromyotomy as used in the first model
Role of community pharmacists in the use of antipsychotics for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD): A qualitative study
Objective This study aimed to use qualitative methodology to understand the current role of community pharmacists in limiting the use of antipsychotics prescribed inappropriately for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Design A qualitative study employing focus groups was conducted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Setting 3 different geographical locations in the England. Participants Community pharmacists (n=22). Results The focus groups identified an array of factors and constraints, which affect the ability of community pharmacists to contribute to initiatives to limit the use of antipsychotics. 3 key themes were revealed: (1) politics and the medical hierarchy, which created communication barriers; (2) how resources and remit impact the effectiveness of community pharmacy; and (3) understanding the nature of the treatment of dementia. Conclusions Our findings suggest that an improvement in communication between community pharmacists and healthcare professionals, especially general practitioners (GPs) must occur in order for community pharmacists to assist in limiting the use of antipsychotics in people with dementia. Additionally, extra training in working with people with dementia is required. Thus, an intervention which involves appropriately trained pharmacists working in collaboration with GPs and other caregivers is required. Overall, within the current environment, community pharmacists question the extent to which they can contribute in helping to reduce the prescription of antipsychotics
Measuring nonadiabaticity of molecular quantum dynamics with quantum fidelity and with its efficient semiclassical approximation
We propose to measure nonadiabaticity of molecular quantum dynamics
rigorously with the quantum fidelity between the Born-Oppenheimer and fully
nonadiabatic dynamics. It is shown that this measure of nonadiabaticity applies
in situations where other criteria, such as the energy gap criterion or the
extent of population transfer, fail. We further propose to estimate this
quantum fidelity efficiently with a generalization of the dephasing
representation to multiple surfaces. Two variants of the multiple-surface
dephasing representation (MSDR) are introduced, in which the nuclei are
propagated either with the fewest-switches surface hopping (FSSH) or with the
locally mean field dynamics (LMFD). The LMFD can be interpreted as the
Ehrenfest dynamics of an ensemble of nuclear trajectories, and has been used
previously in the nonadiabatic semiclassical initial value representation. In
addition to propagating an ensemble of classical trajectories, the MSDR
requires evaluating nonadiabatic couplings and solving the Schr\"{o}dinger (or
more generally, the quantum Liouville-von Neumann) equation for a single
discrete degree of freedom. The MSDR can be also used to measure the importance
of other terms present in the molecular Hamiltonian, such as diabatic
couplings, spin-orbit couplings, or couplings to external fields, and to
evaluate the accuracy of quantum dynamics with an approximate nonadiabatic
Hamiltonian. The method is tested on three model problems introduced by Tully,
on a two-surface model of dissociation of NaI, and a three-surface model
including spin-orbit interactions. An example is presented that demonstrates
the importance of often-neglected second-order nonadiabatic couplings.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to J. Chem. Phy
Design and analysis of a supersonic penetration/maneuvering fighter
The design of three candidate air combat fighters which would cruise effectively at freestream Mach numbers of 1.6, 2.0, and 2.5 while maintaining good transonic maneuvering capability, is considered. These fighters were designed to deliver aerodynamically controlled dogfight missiles at the design Mach numbers. Studies performed by Rockwell International in May 1974 and guidance from NASA determined the shape and size of these missiles. The principle objective of this study is the aerodynamic design of the vehicles; however, configurations are sized to have realistic structures, mass properties, and propulsion systems. The results of this study show that air combat fighters in the 15,000 to 23,000 pound class would cruise supersonically on dry power and still maintain good transonic maneuvering performance
The method of Gaussian weighted trajectories. V. On the 1GB procedure for polyatomic processes
In recent years, many chemical reactions have been studied by means of the
quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method within the Gaussian binning (GB)
procedure. The latter consists in "quantizing" the final vibrational actions in
Bohr spirit by putting strong emphasis on the trajectories reaching the
products with vibrational actions close to integer values. A major drawback of
this procedure is that if N is the number of product vibrational modes, the
amount of trajectories necessary to converge the calculations is ~ 10^N larger
than with the standard QCT method. Applying it to polyatomic processes is thus
problematic. In a recent paper, however, Czako and Bowman propose to quantize
the total vibrational energy instead of the vibrational actions [G. Czako and
J. M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys., 131, 244302 (2009)], a procedure called 1GB here.
The calculations are then only ~ 10 times more time-consuming than with the
standard QCT method, allowing thereby for considerable numerical saving. In
this paper, we propose some theoretical arguments supporting the 1GB procedure
and check its validity on model test cases as well as the prototype four-atom
reaction OH+D_2 -> HOD+D
Power loss in open cavity diodes and a modified Child Langmuir Law
Diodes used in most high power devices are inherently open. It is shown that
under such circumstances, there is a loss of electromagnetic radiation leading
to a lower critical current as compared to closed diodes. The power loss can be
incorporated in the standard Child-Langmuir framework by introducing an
effective potential. The modified Child-Langmuir law can be used to predict the
maximum power loss for a given plate separation and potential difference as
well as the maximum transmitted current for this power loss. The effectiveness
of the theory is tested numerically.Comment: revtex4, 11 figure
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