EXPANDED BED ADSORPTION OF BROMELAIN (EC 3.4.22.33) FROM Ananas comosus CRUDE EXTRACT

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)This work focuses on the adsorption of Bromelain in expanded bed conditions, such as the adsorption kinetics parameters. The adsorption kinetics parameters showed that after 40 minutes equilibrium was achieved and maximum adsorption capacity was 6.11 U per resin mL. However, the maximum adsorption capacity was only determined by measuring the adsorption isotherm. Only by the Langmuir model the maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, and dissociation constant, kd, values could be estimated as 9.18 U/mL and 0.591, respectively, at 25 degrees C and 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer pH 7.5. A column made of glass with an inner diameter of 1 cm was used for the expanded bed adsorption (EBA). The residence time was reduced 10 fold by increasing the expansion degree 2.5 times; nonetheless, the plate number (N) value was reduced only 2 fold. After adsorption, the bromelain was eluted in packed bed mode, with a downward flow. The purification factor was about 13 fold and the total protein was reduced 4 fold. EBA showed to be feasible for purification of bromelain.261149157Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Influence of Different Dye Substances on the Effectiveness of Bleaching and H2O2 Diffusion

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different dye substances on the effectiveness of bleaching and hydrogen peroxide diffusion (HO). From 300 central bovine incisors, 160 enamel/dentin disks with similar E* values were selected. The specimens were distributed according to the pigment treatment. Aiming to standardize the chromatic change provided by the different pigments, the specimens from each group remained immersed in the pigment solutions for different times (32 specimens per group): DW - distilled water (Control group); BT - black tea; CO - coffee; SD - cola-based soft drink; and RW - red wine. After pigmentation and chromatic change value analysis, only 10 specimens from each group (n=10) were selected, so the chromatic alteration of all groups was similar (ΔE=8.36±0.5). The samples were subjected to bleaching treatment and diffused peroxide was quantified in a visible ultraviolet light spectrophotometer. Two more bleaching sessions were conducted to evaluate ΔE and the Whiteness Index for Dentistry (ΔWID). Concurrently, solutions were prepared with dye agents, and the same ΔE value was obtained in the teeth (ΔE=8.49±0.5). The solutions received a standardized amount of H2O2, being analyzed by a visible ultraviolet light spectrophotometer. Data analysis comprised variance and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). Higher H2O2 diffusion was observed in pigmented groups when compared with DW (p0.05), meaning greater difficulty in responding to treatment. In relation to ΔWID, RW bleached less than the other groups after the third bleaching session (p<0.05), resembling only the SD group (p=0.467). However, 21 days after ending the bleaching treatment, only RW and CO had the lowest values (p=0.481). Analysis of the solutions revealed that only RW was altered by the peroxide (p<0.05). In conclusion, teeth pigmented with coffee and, mainly, red wine were more resistant to bleaching treatment, although all pigmentations favored increases in transenamel and transdentinal H2O2 penetration.DDS MS student Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryDDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry, Luciano Tavares Angelo CintraMarjorie de Oliveira Gallinari DDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University of São Paulo (USP) Bauru School of DentistrySibele de Alcântara DDS MS student Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryDDS Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryAntonio Hernandes Chaves Neto DDS Department of Basic Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry*André Luiz Fraga Briso DDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryDDS MS student Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryDDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry, Luciano Tavares Angelo CintraMarjorie de Oliveira Gallinari DDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University of São Paulo (USP) Bauru School of DentistrySibele de Alcântara DDS MS student Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryDDS Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of DentistryAntonio Hernandes Chaves Neto DDS Department of Basic Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistry*André Luiz Fraga Briso DDS Department of Restorative Dentistry São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Dentistr

Patentes farmacêuticas e saúde pública: desafios à política brasileira de acesso ao tratamento anti-retroviral Pharmaceutical patents and public health: challenges for the Brazilian antiretroviral treatment policy

O preço elevado de medicamentos patenteados tem intensificado o debate em torno do impacto do regime da propriedade intelectual sobre o acesso a tratamentos de saúde, merecendo destaque o caso do HIV/AIDS. A política brasileira de tratamento anti-retroviral, parte de um programa nacional que integra medidas de prevenção e promoção da saúde, permitiu o alcance de uma ampla cobertura com qualidade, tendo sido apontada como modelo para outros países. Não obstante, conforme amadurece o Programa Nacional de DST e AIDS, os gastos com a incorporação de anti-retrovirais patenteados ao esquema terapêutico para pacientes em tratamento atinge um peso, cada vez maior, em seu orçamento. O presente artigo toma em conta os desafios apresentados pelas patentes farmacêuticas à saúde pública e discute possíveis caminhos para a sustentação da política de acesso universal e gratuito ao tratamento contra HIV/AIDS no Brasil.<br>The high prices of patented drugs have fueled the debate regarding the impact of the intellectual property system on access to treatment, with a special focus on HIV/AIDS. The Brazilian policy for antiretroviral treatment, part of a comprehensive program that includes both disease prevention and health promotion activities, has allowed the country to meet goals for coverage and quality and has been considered a model for other countries. However, as the Brazilian STD/AIDS Program reaches maturity, the increasing incorporation of patented drugs into the AIDS treatment regimen imposes an increasing burden on the country's health budget. This article discusses the public health challenges raised by pharmaceutical patents and discusses possible ways to sustain the national policy for free, universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment