Amélioration de la robustesse des mesures en spectrométrie proche-infrarouge sur produits biologiques

MONTPELLIER-BU Sciences (341722106) / SudocSudocFranceF

An increase in the upper tree-limit of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Alps since the mid-20th century: A land-use change phenomenon

International audienceGlobal environmental changes observed during recent decades are likely to have had an impact on the distribution of species. Currently, silver fir (Abies alba) is becoming established in the subalpine forests of the west central Alps at elevations higher than 2000 ma.s.l.; prior to the 1970s its upper altitudinal limit was 2000 m. Several hypotheses could explain this recent expansion of the upper tree-limit. Silver fir regeneration could be linked (1) to land-use changes or (2) to current climatic warming. Using dendrochronology, the age structure of 31 forest plots containing at least one silver fir was examined in order to elucidate the population dynamics of subalpine communities. This allowed us to decipher the timing of fir regeneration in relation to the mean age of the stands examined and of the other tree-canopy species present. The majority of the firs germinated sporadically since 1950, before the regional temperature increase. The pattern of fir recruitment did not appear to relate to altitude, but followed a pattern characteristic of secondary succession. The age structures identified showed an exponential increase in tree-density during the 20th century; the stands were first dominated by Larix decidua during the 18th and 19th centuries, and then by Pinus cembra during the 20th century. In most stands, fir regeneration occurred after Larix and before P. cembra dominated, following a similar pattern to Picea abies regeneration. The number of local inhabitants and temperature both exhibited a negative relationship with fir tree recruitment, thus supporting the land-use change hypothesis. There has been a significant upward shift of the altitudinal range of fir, amounting to an increase of about 300 m since 1950. This followed the abandonment of low-productivity land. This trend is likely to continue during the 21st century, because of new agricultural and forestry practices which involve limited intervention in low-productivity areas and may be because of the effects of global warming

Chemical Imagnig: An essential mechanism to assess pharmaceutical quality (Part II)

This article is intended to report on the contribution of chemical imaging to the professions of pharmacy, bio-pharmacy or of cosmetics, whether during the phase of the search for an active substance (experimental pharmacology), in development of a formulation or of quality control, or as an additional tool in resolution of problems of quality in industrial manufacture. It has been written for a reader who is little familiar with this method in order to provide him/her with the methodological bases and important points to monitor in order to draw the best possible results from it. Chemical imaging to date is the only tool which enables to visualise without labelling the spatial configuration of chemical (or biochemical) species in a sample. It is an essential added value in comparison to optical microscopy

Organic photo sensors for multi-angle light scattering characterization of particle systems

International audienceOrganic Photo Sensor (OPS) technology allows printing on conformable plastic-like substrates complex-shaped, arbitrarily-sized and pre-aligned photosensitive elements. This article reports, to the best of our knowledge, the first investigation to implement this emerging technology for Multi-Angle Light Scattering (MALS) characterization of nano-and microparticle suspensions. Monte Carlo and Lorenz-Mie theory calculations as well as preliminary experimental results on latex suspensions clearly demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach

In situ Raman spectroscopy as a promising PAT tool for monitoring of macro and micro-heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody glycosylation produced by CHO cells in bioreactors

International audienc

Chemical imaging: An essential mechanism to assess pharmaceutical (Part 1)

This article is intended to make known the contribution of chemical imaging to the professions of pharmacy, biopharmacy or cosmetics, whether in the research phase of an active substance (experimental pharmacology), in the development of a formulation or in quality control, or even as an additional tool for solving quality-related problems in industrial production. It has been written for an uninitiated audience to provide the latter with the methodological basics and key points that will help it better understand the concept. Chemical imaging is currently the only tool that allows us to visualise, without labelling, the spatial distribution of chemical (or biochemical) species within a sample. This is an essential added value compared to optical microscopy.his article is intended to make known the contribution of chemical imaging to the professions of pharmacy, biopharmacy or cosmetics, whether in the research phase of an active substance (experimental pharmacology), in the development of a formulation or in quality control, or even as an additional tool for solving quality-related problems in industrial production. It has been written for an uninitiated audience to provide the latter with the methodological basics and key points that will help it better understand the concept. Chemical imaging is currently the only tool that allows us to visualise, without labelling, the spatial distribution of chemical (or biochemical) species within a sample. This is an essential added value compared to optical microscopy

Visualization 1: Organic photo sensors for multi-angle light scattering characterization of particle systems

Short movie Originally published in Optics Express on 19 October 2015 (oe-23-21-27536