tRNA functional signatures classify plastids as late-branching cyanobacteria.

BackgroundEukaryotes acquired the trait of oxygenic photosynthesis through endosymbiosis of the cyanobacterial progenitor of plastid organelles. Despite recent advances in the phylogenomics of Cyanobacteria, the phylogenetic root of plastids remains controversial. Although a single origin of plastids by endosymbiosis is broadly supported, recent phylogenomic studies are contradictory on whether plastids branch early or late within Cyanobacteria. One underlying cause may be poor fit of evolutionary models to complex phylogenomic data.ResultsUsing Posterior Predictive Analysis, we show that recently applied evolutionary models poorly fit three phylogenomic datasets curated from cyanobacteria and plastid genomes because of heterogeneities in both substitution processes across sites and of compositions across lineages. To circumvent these sources of bias, we developed CYANO-MLP, a machine learning algorithm that consistently and accurately phylogenetically classifies ("phyloclassifies") cyanobacterial genomes to their clade of origin based on bioinformatically predicted function-informative features in tRNA gene complements. Classification of cyanobacterial genomes with CYANO-MLP is accurate and robust to deletion of clades, unbalanced sampling, and compositional heterogeneity in input tRNA data. CYANO-MLP consistently classifies plastid genomes into a late-branching cyanobacterial sub-clade containing single-cell, starch-producing, nitrogen-fixing ecotypes, consistent with metabolic and gene transfer data.ConclusionsPhylogenomic data of cyanobacteria and plastids exhibit both site-process heterogeneities and compositional heterogeneities across lineages. These aspects of the data require careful modeling to avoid bias in phylogenomic estimation. Furthermore, we show that amino acid recoding strategies may be insufficient to mitigate bias from compositional heterogeneities. However, the combination of our novel tRNA-specific strategy with machine learning in CYANO-MLP appears robust to these sources of bias with high accuracy in phyloclassification of cyanobacterial genomes. CYANO-MLP consistently classifies plastids as late-branching Cyanobacteria, consistent with independent evidence from signature-based approaches and some previous phylogenetic studies

Understanding independent living customers at Trafford Housing Trust : an evaluation

This report provides the findings of the evaluation of TrustCare, an independent arm of Trafford Housing Trust which offers independent living services. The report offers the findings of the evaluation reporting on each stage of the process and drawing on both quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative data (semi-structured interviews) collected during July and August 2017

Help through crisis : final evaluation report for Salford Citizens Advice

This final evaluation report is based upon the progress and outcomes of the HtC project over a five year period (2017-2021). The final evaluation report presents the overall findings based upon five years of data collection and analysis. Inclusive of service users/citizens (beneficiaries), local third sector partner agencies & cost benefit analysis(s) undertaken about the ‘value for money’ component of the project, overall. The evaluation will also build upon the initial conclusions from the previous annual Interim Reports produced in 2017-2018, 2018-2019, 2020-2020 by the evaluation team, associated with SHUSU. It will focus upon achievements and, also, recommendations for future sustainabilit

Preparation and properties of the specific anti-influenza virus transfer factor

Specific anti-influenza virus and normal transfer factors prepared in an experimental animal model, the pig, have been tested for their components, characteristics, and activity of known specificity. Two transfer factors are small molecular mixture which consist entirely or partly of polypeptides and polynucleosides. Moreover, the biological activity of transfer factors could be approved by Rosettes test and specific skin test. The study would lay a foundation for the research and development of other specific transfer factor

The use of fish silage in different composition for the growth of carp Cyprinus carpio L.

This study aims to examine the fish silage for total gain weight, growth rate, and the specific growth rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), which is cultivated in 12 nets (1x0,5x1m), with the density of 10 fish (3-5 cm) on each net. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications; treatment A with 10% fish silage, treatment B with fish silage 20%, treatment C with 30% fish silage and treatment D were commercial pellet. The ANOVA test showed that the treatment effect among feed A, B, C, and D tested did not give a significant difference to total gain weight, growth rate and the specific growth of carp fry.Keyword: common carp, fish silage, fish feed, growth ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pemberian silase ikan bagi pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan nisbi, dan pertumbuhan harian ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.), yang dipelihara dalam petak-petak jaring berukuran 1x 0,5 x 1 m, dengan padat penebaran 10 ekor ikan berukuran  3-5 cm. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan; perlakuan A pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 10%, perlakuan B pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 20 %, perlakuan C pelet berkomposisi silase ikan 30 % dan perlakuan D adalah pelet komersil. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh perlakuan di antara pakan A, B, C, dan D yang diujicobakan tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, pertumbuhan nisbi dan pertumbuhan harian benih ikan mas.Kata kunci : ikan mas, silase ikan, pakan ikan, pertumbuha

Long-Term Stability of an Area-Reversible Atom-Interferometer Sagnac Gyroscope

We report on a study of the long-term stability and absolute accuracy of an atom interferometer gyroscope. This study included the implementation of an electro-optical technique to reverse the vector area of the interferometer for reduced systematics and a careful study of systematic phase shifts. Our data strongly suggests that drifts less than 96 $\mu$deg/hr are possible after empirically removing shifts due to measured changes in temperature, laser intensity, and several other experimental parameters.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR

Model simulations and aircraft measurements of vertical, seasonal and latitudinal O3 and CO distributions over Europe

During a series of 8 measurement campaigns within the SPURT project (2001-2003), vertical profiles of CO and O3 have been obtained at subtropical, middle and high latitudes over western Europe, covering the troposphere and lowermost stratosphere up to ~14 km altitude during all seasons. The seasonal and latitudinal variation of the measured trace gas profiles are compared to simulations with the chemical transport model MATCH. In the troposphere reasonable agreement between observations and model predictions is achieved for CO and O3, in particular at subtropical and mid-latitudes, while the model overestimates (underestimates) CO (O3 in the lowermost stratosphere particularly at high latitudes, indicating too strong simulated bi-directional exchange across the tropopause. By the use of tagged tracers in the model, long-range transport of Asian air masses is identified as the dominant source of CO pollution over Europe in the free troposphere

The karabus affair speaks to larger issues for american academic and medical centers.

Finally, on March 12, 2013, a major American newspaper, The Wall Street Journal, reported on the plight of Dr. Cyril Karabus (1,2). Dr. Karabus is the 78 year old pediatric oncologist from Claremont, Capetown, South Africa who is well known as the retired head of the Oncology and Hematology Unit of the Red Cross Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, as well as for his devoted service to poor children in the apartheid era. In 2002, he cared for a three-year old Yemeni girl with acute myelogenous leukemia during a locum tenens in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Gastropod Community An Vertical Distribution Pattern Of Littoraria Scabra (Linnaeus, 1758) In Mangrove Ecosystem, Tombariri District, Nort Sulawesi

The Coast water of Tombariri District is an area that has a main ecosystem like mangroves, seagrass, and reef.  This research is to aim to know the species various, the structure of the gastropod community, and the vertical distribution pattern of Littoraria scabra in the mangrove ecosystem in Tombariri District, North Sulawesi.  Process of gastropod sampling horizontally where transects were put horizontal coastline on every location including Mokupa, Elu, and Tambala.   Every transect long has 65 m and also has every transect has 15 quadrats where every quadrat is one-meter square. Therefore, every transect has 15 quadrats, so a total of 45 quadrats. Every quadrant was put systematic method, that is, at terrestrial closing mangrove of 5 quadrats, middle mangrove of 5 quadrats, and coast close mangrove of 5 quadrats.  Process of sampling particularly L.scabra where taking vertically, especially on microhabitats that is, roots, stems, branches, and leaves of mangroves. High measuring by meter unit,  conducted from the ground where L.scabra found at mangrove until the top vegetation.  Based on the result of observation on the identification of gastropod sampling found in the mangrove ecosystem, Tombariri District, North Sulawesi as many 235 of individuals consisting of 5 orders, 23 families, and 32 genera having 78 species.  The density of species on every location Mokupa, Elu and Tambala, that is, (D) = 4.60, 5.47, and 5.60 in ind/m2, index of diversity,(H) = 2.54, 3.07, and 3.51 and index of dominance, ID = 0.04, 0.07 and 0.13. Keywords: Microhabitat, density, diversity, and dominance Abstrak Perairan pantai Kecamatan Tombariri merupakan daerah yang memiliki ekosistim utama pesisir seperti mangrove, lamun, dan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis, struktur komunitas gastropoda dan pola distribusi vertikal spesies Littoraria scabra di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Tombariri, Sulawesi Utara. Proses pengambilan sampel gastropoda secara horizontal, di mana transek ditempatkan sejajar garis pantai pada setiap lokasi yakni di Mokupa, Elu, dan Tambala. Panjang setiap transek 65 m dan setiap transek memiliki 15 kuadrat di mana kuadrat berukuran 1 x 1 m.  Setiap transek punya 15 kuadrat sehingga total  kuadrat seluruh transek adalah 45 kuadrat. Penempatan kuadrat menggunakan metode sistematik yaitu di bagian darat 5 kuadrat, pertengahan 5 kuadrat  dan  mangrove pinggir  laut 5 kuadrat. Proses pengambilan sampel secara vertikal khusus Littoraria scabra, di mikrohabitat akar, batang, cabang dan daun mangrove,Sementara pengambilan sampel L.scabra diukur ketinggian di mana spesies Littoraria scabra ditemukan ldi pohon mangrove dengan menggunakan meteran, dimulai dari dasar sampai ke ujung pohon mangrove. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan identifikasi sampel gastropoda yang ditemukan di ekosistem mangrove Kecamatan Tombariri, Sulawesi Utara ditemukan sebanyak 235 individu yang terbagi ke dalam 5 ordo, 23 famili dan 32 genera dari 78 spesies. Kepadatan Jenis pada masing-masing lokasi = 4,60, 5,47, dan 5,60 ind/m2. Keanekaragaman H’= 2,54, 3,07, dan 3,51. Dominansi C= 0,04, 0,07, dan 0,13. Kata Kunci : Mikrohabitat, Kepadatan, Keanekaragaman, Dominansi

Topological mirror symmetry with fluxes

Motivated by SU(3) structure compactifications, we show explicitly how to construct half--flat topological mirrors to Calabi--Yau manifolds with NS fluxes. Units of flux are exchanged with torsion factors in the cohomology of the mirror; this is the topological complement of previous differential--geometric mirror rules. The construction modifies explicit SYZ fibrations for compact Calabi--Yaus. The results are of independent interest for SU(3) compactifications. For example one can exhibit explicitly which massive forms should be used for Kaluza--Klein reduction, proving previous conjectures. Formality shows that these forms carry no topological information; this is also confirmed by infrared limits and old classification theorems.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figure