How can the UK road system be adapted to the impacts posed by climate change? By creating a climate adaptation framework

This paper aims to analyse the impacts of climate change to the current and predicted future situations of road transportation in the UK and evaluate the corresponding adaptation plans to cope with them. A conceptual framework of long-term adaptation planning for climate change in road systems is proposed to ensure the resilience and sustainability of road transport systems under various climate risks such as flooding and increased temperature. To do so, an advanced Fuzzy Bayesian Reasoning (FBR) model is first employed to evaluate the climate risks in the UK road transport networks. This modelling approach can tackle the high uncertainty in risk data and thus facilitate the development of the climate adaptation framework and its application in the UK road sector. To examine the feasibility of this model, a nationwide survey is conducted among the stakeholders to analyse the climate risks, in terms of the timeframe of climate threats, the likelihood of occurrence, the severity of consequences, and infrastructure resilience. From the modelling perspective, this work brings novelty by expanding the risk attribute “the severity of consequence” into three sub-attributes including economic loss, damage to the environment, and injuries and/or loss of life. It advances the-state-of-the-art technique in the current relevant literature from a single to multiple tier climate risk modelling structure. Secondly, an Evidential Reasoning (ER) approach is used to prioritise the best adaptation measure(s) by considering both the risk analysis results from the FBR and the implementation costs simultaneously. The main new contributions of this part lie in the rich raw data collected from the real world to provide useful practical insights for achieving road resilience when facing increasing climate risk challenges. During this process, a qualitative analysis of several national reports regarding the impacts posed by climate change, risk assessment and adaptation measures in the UK road sector is conducted for the relevant decision data (i.e. risk and cost). It is also supplemented by an in-depth interview with a senior planner from Highways England. The findings provide road planners and decision makers with useful insights on identification and prioritisation of climate threats as well as selection of cost-effective climate adaptation measures to rationalise adaptation planning. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Disability: Britain in Europe. An evaluation of UK participation in the HELIOS programme (1988–1991)

The HELIOS programme was developed to promote the integration and independent living of disabled people and was described in the House of Lords as "possibly the European Commission's first approach to social policy". The UK was one of only a few Member States to commission a systematic and independent assessment of involvement in the programme "from a national perspective" and the results of this evaluation are presented in this study. The focus is on the 15 UK-based local projects which participated in the four EC-wide networks forming a key element of the programme's first phase. The several other components of the programme and its overall co-ordination and management are also considered. This report raises issues concerning the direct involvement of disabled people in programmes seeking to advance their interests. It is relevant to other initiatives with this aim and to a variety of other EC and national programmes involving networks of local projects as a means of promoting information exchange and innovations in practice and policy

Changing patterns of mental health care. A case study in the development of local services

This book concerns the organizational and practice issues involved in implementing a policy of 'community care' for people with mental health problems. It is based on a two-year evaluative study and gives a detailed account of the process of moving an overall service away from a parent hospital and developing new forms of support in a particular local area, integrating community and residential components. The central focus is the impact of this transition on the multi-disciplinary team providing the day-to-day service and on the people using it. Portsmouth’s approach to decentralization offers a model for others concerned with developing high quality social care for people with mental health problems, including anyone currently working to implement the NHS and Community Care Act 1990. Important issues are raised around the changing nature of professional practice implicit in the move from hospital to community based support

Visual impairment; social support. Recent research in context

The vast majority of visually impaired people are not blind; they have varying degrees of low vision. Most are also older people and many have additional ‘community care’ needs. The Department of Health commissioned Robin Lovelock to review recent non-medical research relevant to the support of this large and growing group, making recommendations on future research priorities to reflect these demographic patterns. The results are published here for the first time. A Directory of the individual studies identified in 1990–91 forms an Appendix. This body of work, conducted in a variety of academic, statutory, and voluntary sector settings, is discussed both in historical and current context, with particular reference to the agenda for change set by the White Paper Caring for People. In a new Preface and Postscript, the author provides an update on significant research and development work since the original review, demonstrating the continuing applicability of his original analysis and recommendations to the full implementation of the 'community care' legislation in relation to people with a visual impairment

Making sense of the cacophony Understanding the different voices on rural educational disadvantage

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3097.0575(1) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Refocusing the debate An examination of the interplay between measurement and intervention in educational disadvantage

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:3097.0575(2) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo