Seventeen years of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Southern Brazilian municipality

We reviewed the records of 151 patients diagnosed with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) from 1993 to 2009 in the municipality of Japura, Paraná, Brazil. Gender, age, occupation, place of residence, location of lesions, type and number of lesions were analyzed. The prevalence rate of ACL was 11.5/10,000 hab, of which 84.7% were male, 58.3% lived in rural area and 49.0% were farmers. The most frequent age group was between 30 to 39 years (26.6%). Skin lesions occurred in 92.7% of the patients with predominance in the lower limbs (23.9%) and 49.1% of the records did not include the number of lesions location due to incomplete filling. A single ulceration was present in 44.4%. Japurá is an endemic area for ACL, requiring public actions and preventive education

The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2010

The Generation R Study is a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. The study is designed to identify early environmental and genetic causes of normal and abnormal growth, development and health during fetal life, childhood and adulthood. The study focuses on four primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) diseases in childhood; and (4) health and healthcare for pregnant women and children. In total, 9,778 mothers with a delivery date from April 2002 until January 2006 were enrolled in the study. General follow-up rates until the age of 4 years exceed 75%. Data collection in mothers, fathers and preschool children included questionnaires, detailed physical and ultrasound examinations, behavioural observations, and biological samples. A genome wide association screen is available in the participating children. Regular detailed hands on assessment are performed from the age of 5 years onwards. Eventually, results forthcoming from the Generation R Study have to contribute to the development of strategies for optimizing health and healthcare for pregnant women and children

A violência contra a mulher atendida em unidade de urgência: uma contribuição da enfermagem La violencia contra la mujer atendida en unidad de urgencia: una contribuición de la enfermería The violence against woman who is attended in an unit of urgency: a nursing contribution

INTRODUÇÃO: A violência na atualidade tem se comportado como um sério problema de saúde pública, e os serviços de urgência têm se constituído em porta de entrada para mulheres agredidas. Por essa razão, objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, levantar os casos de violência contra a mulher atendidos em uma unidade de urgência no ano de 2004. MÉTODO: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado em Teresina (PI), no Serviço de Pronto-Socorro do Hospital Getúlio Vargas, com amostra populacional de 100 casos selecionados por amostragem sistemática, tendo por instrumento um formulário com perguntas fechadas. RESULTADOS: A violência apresentou alta magnitude entre as mulheres usuárias dos serviços de pronto-atendimento, mas com elevada taxa de subnotificação quanto ao tipo de agressor (89%) e causas da violência sem registro (80%) CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que os registros de violência foram maiores nos casos em que as mulheres apresentaram marcas físicas; foi expressivo o número de subnotificação de agressores. Finalmente, é conveniente que os profissionais que atendem mulheres vítimas da violência doméstica sejam treinados para identificar, acolher e registrar corretamente os casos de violência.<br>INTRODUCCIÓN: La violencia en la actualidad se ha comportado como un serio problema de salud pública, y los servicios de urgencia se han constituido como puerta de entrada para las mujeres agredidas. Por lo tanto, fue objetivado, con el actual trabajo, levantar los casos de violencia contra la mujer, atendidos en una unidad de urgencia en el año de 2004. MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en Teresina (Piauí - Brasil), en el Servicio Médico de Urgencia del hospital de Getúlio Vargas, con muestra poblacional de 100 casos seleccionadas por el muestreo sistemático, teniendo por instrumento un formulario con preguntas cerradas. RESULTADOS: La violencia presentó alta magnitud entre las mujeres que usaban los servicios médicos de emergencia, pero con elevada taza de subnotificación cuanto el tipo de agresor (89%) y causas de la violencia sin registro (80%). CONCLUSIONES: Se concluye que los registros de violencia habían sido mayores en los casos donde las mujeres habían presentado marcas físicas; era expresivo el número de subnotificación de agresores. Finalmente, es conveniente que los profesionales que cuidan de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia doméstica sean entrenados para identificar, acoger y registrar correctamente los casos de violencia.<br>INTRODUCTION: The violence in the present time has behaved as a serious problem of public health, and the urgency services have constituted itself as a door of entrance for attacked women. Therefore, it was objectified, with the present work, to raise the cases of violence against the woman who is attended in a unit of urgency in the year of 2004. METHOD: Quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study, carried through in Teresina (Piauí - Brazil), the Emergency Medical Service of the Getúlio Vargas Hospital, with population sample of 100 cases selected for systematic sampling, having for instrument a form with closed questions. RESULTS: The violence presented high dimension among the using women of the emergency medical services, but with raised tax of under notification about the type of aggressor (89%) and causes of the violence without register (80%). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the violence registers had been bigger in the cases where the women had presented physical marks; the number of under notification of aggressors was expressive. Finally, it is convenient that the professionals who take care of to women victims of the domestic violence are trained to correctly identify, receive and register the violence cases

Paleoproterozoic (~1.88Ga) felsic volcanism of the Iricoumé Group in the Pitinga Mining District area, Amazonian Craton, Brazil: insights in ancient volcanic processes from field and petrologic data

The Iricoumé Group correspond to the most expressive Paleoproterozoic volcanism in the Guyana Shield, Amazonian craton. The volcanics are coeval with Mapuera granitoids, and belong to the Uatumã magmatism. They have U-Pb ages around 1880 Ma, and geochemical signatures of &#945;-type magmas. Iricoumé volcanics consist of porphyritic trachyte to rhyolite, associated to crystal-rich ignimbrites and co-ignimbritic fall tuffs and surges. The amount and morphology of phenocrysts can be useful to distinguish lava (flow and dome) from hypabyssal units. The morphology of ignimbrite crystals allows the distinction between effusive units and ignimbrite, when pyroclasts are obliterated. Co-ignimbritic tuffs are massive, and some show stratifications that suggest deposition by current traction flow. Zircon and apatite saturation temperatures vary from 799°C to 980°C, are in agreement with most temperatures of &#945;-type melts and can be interpreted as minimum liquidus temperature. The viscosities estimation for rhyolitic and trachytic compositions yield values close to experimentally determined melts, and show a typical exponential decay with water addition. The emplacement of Iricoumé volcanics and part of Mapuera granitoids was controlled by ring-faults in an intracratonic environment. A genesis related to the caldera complex setting can be assumed for the Iricoumé-Mapuera volcano-plutonic association in the Pitinga Mining District.<br>O Grupo Iricoumé corresponde ao mais expressivo vulcanismo Paleoproterozóico do Escudo das Guianas, craton Amazônico. As rochas vulcânicas são coexistentes com os granitóides Mapuera, e pertencem ao magmatismo Uatumã. Possuem idades U-Pb em torno 1888 Ma, e assinaturas geoquímicas de magmas tipo-A. As vulcânicas do Iricoumé consistem de traquitos a riolitos porfiríticos, associados a ignimbritos ricos em cristal e tufos co-ignimbríticos de queda e surge. A quantidade e a morfologia dos fenocristais podem ser utilizadas para distinguir lava (fluxo e domo) de unidades hipabissais. A morfologia dos cristais em ignimbritos permite a distinção entre unidades efusivas e ignimbritos, quando os piroclastos estão obliterados. Tufos co-ignimbríticos são maciços e alguns exibem estratificações que sugerem deposição por correntes de tração. Temperaturas de cristalização de zircão e apatita variam de 799°C a 980°C, são compatíveis com temperaturas de líquidos tipo-A e podem ser interpretadas como temperatura liquidus mínima. Estimativas de viscosidade para composições riolíticas e traquíticas fornecem valores próximos a de líquidos determinadas experimentalmente e ilustram curvas típicas de decaimento exponencial, com a adição de água. O posicionamento das vulcânicas Iricoumé e de parte dos granitóides Mapuera foi controlado por falhas anelares em ambiente intracratônico. Uma gênese relacionada a ambiente de complexo de caldeiras pode ser assumida para a associação vulcano-plutônica Iricoumé-Mapuera no Distrito Mineiro de Pitinga