“La potenza delle tenebre” nella fiction televisiva italiana degli anni Sessanta del XX sec.

L’articolo “La potenza delle tenebre” nella fiction televisiva italiana degli anni Sessanta del XX sec. è dedicato alla ricezione del dramma di Tolstoj La potenza delle tenebre in Italia negli anni Sessanta del XX sec., ed in particolare, alla riduzione televisiva La potenza delle tenebre, tratta dall’opera omonima di Tolstoj per la regia di Vittorio Cottafavi del 1965. L’obiettivo di tale lavoro consiste nel rilevare ciò che è rimasto –se è rimasto- dell’originale russo nella versione televisiva italiana, cercando di valutare l’impatto del mezzo televisivo sul dramma di Tolstoj. In quale misura il mezzo televisivo influisce sulla prosa di Tolstoj? Per poter rispondere a tale quesito Antonella Cavazza esamina innanzitutto la traduzione-adattamento di Gerardo Guerrieri, che è alla base del dramma televisivo, e la presentazione del drammaturgo Diego Fabbri, che introduce il programma televisivo. Si sofferma poi a considerare alcune riflessioni di Gianfranco Bettetini, secondo cui la ripresa televisiva favorisce un contatto con la realtà presentata che è “più diretto e analiticamente più profondo” di quello consentito dalla visione teatrale. Tuttavia negli anni Sessanta del XX sec. la regia dello spettacolo può riflettere più o meno direttamente un’impostazione teatrale. Ciò emerge proprio dalla comparazione fra il dattiloscritto del copione La potenza delle tenebre, oggi custodito nell’archivio Guerrieri, e il testo finale del programma televisivo omonimo. Il copione dattiloscritto è infatti una versione volta a favorire un lavoro di regia incentrato sulla recitazione teatrale. Una ricerca nell’archivio della Rai ha confermato che questo copione venne effettivamente approntato da Guerrieri, in origine, per uno spettacolo teatrale registrato il 6 febbraio del 1961 e trasmesso dal programma nazionale della Radio, il 7 febbraio del 1961, alle ore 21.00, nel cinquantenario della morte di Tolstoj

Il dramma di Diego Fabbri "Processo Karamazov o La leggenda del Grande Inquisitore. Tre udienze" e la sua ricezione in Italia nella prima metà degli anni Sessanta del XX secolo

Da uno studio attento del manoscritto originale di Processo Karamazov o La leggenda del Grande Inquisitore, custodito nell’archivio “Diego Fabbri”, Antonella Cavazza ha tratto una serie di informazioni preziose che le hanno consentito di individuare innanzi tutto la traduzione del romanzo I fratelli Karamazov utilizzata dal drammaturgo italiano. Appurato che alla base del dramma di Fabbri c’è l’edizione italiana I fratelli Karamazov (Mursia, Milano, 1958), in seguito l’autrice ha cercato di comprendere le modalità di utilizzo e di rielaborazione del testo di Dostoevskij nella versione di Alfredo Polledro, tenendo, costantemente, conto dell’originale russo. Dalla collazione di alcuni passi risulta che Fabbri, si è avvalso della traduzione di Polledro in maniera pressoché letterale, limitandosi a conferire –come egli stesso aveva dichiarato- una forma drammatica a un qualcosa che era stato scritto da un’angolazione narrativa. Nella pièce teatrale di Fabbri La leggenda del Grande Inquisitore non esercita una funzione meramente espositiva come nel testo di Dostoevskij. Nel dramma di Fabbri, il poema composto da Ivan, diviene un atto giudiziario. Pure con modifiche sostanziali entra nel testo di Fabbri la leggenda della cipollina. Fabbri approntò anche una versione televisiva andata perduta

Chapter “Vinci te stesso e vincerai il mondo”. Le fonti di un aforisma rinvenibile nelle opere di Dostoevskij dell’ultimo periodo

Notable among the stylistic tools adopted by Dostoevskij to disseminate the values that he considered crucial for the moral revival of contemporary Russian society is the use of the aphorism. This article explores the origins of the renowned maxim “If you want to overcome the whole world, overcome yourself”, a phrase that recurs either in this form or with some variation in the literary and journalistic texts that Dostoyevsky authored towards the end of his life. His sources include Saint Augustine, Thomas à Kempis, and Prosper of Aquitaine

High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography Coupled with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection as a Powerful Tool to Evaluate Carbohydrates of Food Interest: Principles and Applications

Specific HPLC approaches are essential for carbohydrate characterization in food products. Carbohydrates are weak acids with pKa values in the range 12–14 and, consequently, at high pH can be transformed into oxyanions, and can be readily separated using highly efficient anion-exchange columns. Electrochemical detection in HPLC has been proven to be a powerful analytical technique for the determination of compounds containing electroactive groups; pulsed amperometric detection of carbohydrates is favourably performed by taking advantage of their electrocatalytic oxidation mechanism at a gold working electrode in a basic media. High-performance Anion Exchange Chromatography (HPAEC) at high pH coupled with pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) is one of the most useful techniques for carbohydrate determination either for routine monitoring or research application. This technique has been of a great impact on the analysis of oligo- and polysaccharides. The compatibility of electrochemical detection with gradient elution, coupled with the high selectivity of the anion-exchange stationary phases, allows mixtures of simple sugars, oligo- and polysaccharides to be separated with high resolution in a single run. A few reviews have been written on HPAEC-PED of carbohydrates of food interest in the last years. In this paper the recent developments in this field are examined

Effect of Addition of Green Coffee Parchment on Structural, Qualitative and Chemical Properties of Gluten-Free Bread

Green coffee parchment (GCP) is becoming interesting, due to the diffusion of wet processing in which coffee parchment is collected separately; it is one of the less studied coffee by-products, but it is reported to be rich in phenolic compounds and dietary fiber. The addition of GCP (355–500 μm) at 2 % to gluten-free breads was investigated in terms of physical properties (volume, moisture content, water activity, crumb grain, texture, and color), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenol content during three days of storage. Moreover, the effects of GCP on sensorial characteristics, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and oxidative stability was evaluated. From the sensorial analysis, bread with 2% addition resulted in being acceptable for consumers with no significant differences from the control, while 4% of GCP was discarded by consumers, as it resulted in being too bitter. Moreover, GCP at 2% addition did not modify volume, moisture content, and water activity. On the contrary, GCP deeply affected the color with a darker aspect that was appreciated by consumers. Regarding texture, 2% of GCP did not affect hardness, cohesiveness, and staling process during storage. Interestingly, 2% of GCP significantly improved the TAC and oxidative stability of the bread; in accordance with these results, 2% of GCP reduced the HMF content, thanks to its antioxidant compounds

Effects of alternative steeping methods on composition, antioxidant property and colour of green, black and oolong tea infusions

Cold water steeping is reported to maximise tea health benefits, but requires long infusion time. In this work, the employment of a brief hot infusion step followed by ice addition was evaluated. The comparison of this innovative method with hot and cold steeping was investigated on green, black and oolong teas. Catechins, xanthines and gallic acid content, antioxidant power, total phenolics and colour analysis were evaluated. Hot infusion shown rapid extractive power, but relevant compound degradation. On the contrary, cold infusion extracted higher level of healthy molecules with slow kinetic. The innovative method achieved in short time similar properties of cold infusion in terms of antioxidant power. As for bioactive compounds, such as gallic acid and epigallocatechin gallate, highest values, about double than in hot infusion, were recorded for green and black teas. This steeping method may represent an alternative approach for industrial beverage preparation

Evaluation of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulins as Potentially Health Benefiting Food Ingredients by HPAEC-PED and MALDI-TOF MS

This paper describes the complementarity of high-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed electrochemical detection (HPAEC-PED) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to evaluate commercial available fructans (fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulins), having different degrees of polymerization (DP) which are usually employed by food industry as functional ingredients either for their prebiotic properties or as a fat replacer, giving a fat-like mouth feel and texture. The developed HPAEC-PED methods are able to analyze FOS (fructans with DP 3–10) and inulins (DP ranging from 3 to 80) with a good resolution and relatively short retention times to evaluate structural differences between fructooligosaccharide and inulins and the possible presence of inulooligosaccharides as well as of branching. To characterize FOS and inulin at different degrees of polymerization and to assure correct molecular assignment, MALDI-TOF MS analysis was also investigated. The 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (2,5-DHB) was found to be the best matrix for FOS analysis as Actilight and Raftilose P95 products, while 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ) seems to be the best matrix for inulin with higher DP. The applicability of the optimized methods to the identification and determination of FOS contained in a symbiotic milk as well as a type of inulin added as functional ingredient to a cooked ham is demonstrated

Optimization of a rapid QuEChERS sample treatment method for HILIC-MS2 analysis of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in mussels

A rapid and simple QuEChERS sample treatment was proposed for the development of a selective hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-ESI-MS2-based method for the determination of saxitoxins (STXs) in mussel samples. Among different sorbents, ABS Elut-NEXUS phase, composed of polystyrene cross-linked with 50 % divinyl benzene and poly(methyl methacrylate), provided the best results. The effects of experimental parameters, including sorbent amount, vortexing time and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized by experimental design. In particular, regression models and desirability functions were applied to find the experimental conditions providing the highest global extraction response. The method was validated under the optimized conditions; detection and quantification limits in the 3-159 μg/kg and 7-436 μg/kg ranges respectively were obtained, except for C2 for which highest values were calculated due to its low ESI ionization efficiency. Finally, the analysis of twenty-eight mussel samples permitted to detect and quantify some of the investigated STXs, proving the applicability of the devised method

Design of Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene-adipate-terephthalate) Reinforced with Zein-TiO2 Complex

Mechanical properties of polymer biocomposites are influenced by the interaction between thematrix and the filler surface. In this work, composites based on poly(butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) filled with micrometric particles of zein-TiO2 complex (ZTC) were realized via solvent casting technique at different concentrations, equal to 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt%. After pelletization, the resulting materials were injection molded into standard specimens, employed for the uniaxial tensile test (UTT) characterization. From the stress-strain curves, Young’s modulus (E), yield stress (σy), stress at break (σB), elongation at break (εB), and toughness (T) were collected. The addition of the ZTC proved to show a reinforcing effect on the polymeric matrix, with an increase in both E and σy. Modelling of the mechanical properties was performed by applying Kerner’s and Pukánszky’s equations. Kerner’s model, applied on experimental E values, returned a very good correspondence between collected and theoretical values. From the application of Pukánszky’s model to σy, the obtained B value showed a good interfacial interaction between the matrix and the filler. Due to the enhanced stiffness of the composites, a reduction in the true stress at break (σT,B) was observed. The modified Pukánszky’s model gave a B value lower than the one obtained for the yield, but still in the range of acceptable values for microcomposites