Non-Stationarities in Extra-Large Scale Massive MIMO

Massive MIMO, a key technology for increasing area spectral efficiency in cellular systems, was developed assuming moderately sized apertures. In this paper, we argue that massive MIMO systems behave differently in large-scale regimes due to spatial non-stationarity. In the large-scale regime, with arrays of around fifty wavelengths, the terminals see the whole array but non-stationarities occur because different regions of the array see different propagation paths. At even larger dimensions, which we call the extra-large scale regime, terminals see a portion of the array and inside the first type of non-stationarities might occur. We show that the non-stationarity properties of the massive MIMO channel changes several important MIMO design aspects. In simulations, we demonstrate how non-stationarity is a curse when neglected but a blessing when embraced in terms of computational load and multi-user transceiver design

Strain-dependent Optical Emission In In1 - Xgaxas/inp Quantum Wells

InGaAs/InP strained-layer modulation -doped quantum wells were studied by photoluminescence. The combination of the built-in strain and the quantum confinement in this system leads to a strong valence band mixing yielding direct and indirect band gap structures. We demonstrate that the optical emission line shape is strongly dependent on the valence band dispersion and it is a good method to distinguish between direct and indirect structures. The application of an external biaxial tensile strain to the samples provides an additional evidence of direct-to-indirect band gap transition in strained heterostructures.641515330111533014Gershoni, D., Vandenberg, J.M., Hamm, R.A., Temkin, H., Panish, M.B., (1987) Phys. Rev. B, 36, p. 1320Gershoni, D., Temkin, H., Vandenberg, J.M., Chu, S.N.G., Hamm, R.A., Panish, M.B., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 60, p. 448Gershoni, D., Temkin, H., Panish, M.B., Hamm, R.A., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 5531Chao, C.Y.-P., Chuang, S.L., (1992) Phys. Rev. B, 46, p. 4110Sugawara, M., Okazaki, N., Fujii, T., Yamazaki, S., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 8102Michler, P., Hangleiter, A., Moritz, A., Fuchs, G., Härle, V., Scholz, F., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 111991Triques, A.L.C., Brum, J.A., (1995) Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, Vancouver, Canada, 1994, 2, pp. 1328-1331. , edited by D.J. Lockwood (World Scientific)Weihofen, R., Weiser, G., Starck, Ch., Simes, R.J., (1995) Phys. Rev. B, 51, p. 4296Dalfors, J., Lundström, R., Holtz, P.O., Radamson, H.H., Monemar, B., Wallin, J., Landgren, G., (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett., 71, p. 503Hosea, T.J.C., Rowland, G., (1998) Supercond. Sci. Technol., 13, p. 207Tudury, H.A.P., Ribeiro, E., Iikawa, F., Brum, J.A., Bernussi, A.A., Carvalho W., Jr., Gobbi, A., unpublishedBastard, G., Brum, J.A., (1986) IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 22, p. 1625Bastard, G., (1992) Wave Mechanics Applied to Semiconductor Heterostructures, , Les Editions de Physique, ParisBaptizmanskii, V.V., Novak, I.I., Titovets, Yu.F., (1979) Sov. Phys. Solid State, 21, p. 1915Liarokapis, E., Richter, W., (1992) Meas. Sci. Technol., 3, p. 347Thewalt, M.L.W., Harrison, D.A., Reinhart, C.F., Wolk, J.A., Lafontaine, H., (1997) Phys. Rev. Lett., 79, p. 26

Eficiência do herbicida sulfentrazone no controle, em pré-emergência, de plantas daninhas em soja

The experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farrn of the State University of São Paulo, in Selviria- MS, a region ofCerrados vegetation. The objective ofthe study was to evaluate the selectivity and efficacy ofpreemergence application ofsulflentrazone in soybean. Treatrnents included sulfentrazone at 500,550 and 600 g/ha, sequential postemergence application of imazaquim and clethodim at 140 + 72 g/ha and tank mixed fomesafen + clethodim at 250 + 72 g/ha. A weedy and a weeded control were also included. Sulfentrazone at ali rates caused very low toxicity symptoms in soybean, IAC-15 cultivar, and gave good control of Acanthospermum hispidium, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis and Cenchrus echinatus.O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da Universidade Estadual Paulista em Selvíria-MS, enquadrada em região de Cerrado. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de avaliar o herbicida sulfentrazone quanto à seletividade às plantas de soja, cultivar IAC-15 e sua eficiência no controle, em pré-emergência, de plantas daninhas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos herbicidas sulfentrazone, imazaquim + clethodim, fomesafen + clethodim e testemunhas capinada e sem capina. Concluiu-se que o herbicida sulfentrazone, nas doses de 500, 550 e 650 g/ha, provoca baixos sintomas de toxicidade à cultura da soja e uma ligeira diminuição, não significativa, na altura das plantas de soja. O sulfentrazone foi seletivo às plantas de soja e eficiente no controle de Acanthospermum hispidum, Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis e Cenchrus : echinatus

Equilibrium and stability properties of detonation waves in the hydrodynamic limit of a kinetic model

A shock wave structure problem, like the one which can be formulated for the planar detonation wave, is analyzed here for a binary mixture of ideal gases undergoing the symmetric reaction A1+A1=A2+A2 . The problem is studied at the hydrodynamic Euler limit of a kinetic model of the reactive Boltzmann equation. The chemical rate law is deduced in this frame with a second-order reaction rate, in a hemical regime such that the gas flow is not far away from the chemical equilibrium. The caloric and the thermal equations of state for the specific internal energy and temperature are employed to close the system of balance laws. With respect to other approaches known in the kinetic literature for detonation problems with a reversible reaction, this paper aims to improve some aspects of the wave solution. Within the mathematical analysis of the detonation model, the equation of the equilibrium Hugoniot curve of the final states is explicitly derived for the first time and used to define the correct location of the equilibrium Chapman–Jouguet point in the Hugoniot diagram. The parametric space is widened to investigate the response of the detonation solution to the activation energy of the chemical reaction. Finally, the mathematical formulation of the linear stability problem is given for the wave detonation structure via a normal-mode approach, when bidimensional disturbances perturb the steady solution. The stability equations with their boundary conditions and the radiation condition of the considered model are explicitly derived for small transversal deviations of the shock wave location. The paper shows how a second-order chemical kinetics description, derived at the microscopic level, and an analytic deduction of the equilibrium Hugoniot curve, lead to an accurate picture of the steady detonation with reversible reaction, as well as to a proper bidimensional linear stability analysis.Brazilian Research Council (CNPq), by Italian Research Council GNFM-INdAM, and by the Research Centre of Mathematics of the University of Minho with the Portuguese Funds of FCT, project PEstOE/MAT/UI0013/2014

A New Strategy To Identify Rare Blood Donors: Single Polymerase Chain Reaction Multiplex Snapshot Reaction For Detection Of 16 Blood Group Alleles

Background. As an alternative to phenotyping, large-scale DNA-based assays, which are feasible for high-throughput donor red blood cell typing, were developed for determination of blood group polymorphisms. However, high-throughput genotyping platforms based on these technologies are still expensive and the inclusion of single nucleotide polymorphisms and analysis of the alleles depend on the manufacturer's determination. To overcome this limitation and in order to develop an assay to enable the screening of rare donors, we developed a SNaPshot assay for analysis of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms related to antigens that are difficult to assess using conventional serology. Materials and methods. The single polymerase chain reaction multiplex SNaPshot reaction was optimized to identify nine single nucleotide polymorphisms determining 16 alleles: KEL*3/KEL*4, KEL*6/KEL*7, DI*1/DI*2, DI*3/DI*4, YT*1/YT*2, CO*1/CO*2, DO*1/DO*2, DO*4, DO*5. We designed a single multiplex PCR with primers encompassing the blood group single nucleotide polymorphisms and performed an internal reaction with probe primers able to discriminate the alleles after fragment analysis. The SNaPshot assay was validated with 140 known alleles previously determined by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results. We were able to simultaneous detect nine single nucleotide polymorphisms defining 16 blood group alleles on an assay based on a multiplex PCR combined with a single base extension using genomic DNA. Discussion. This study demonstrates a robust genotyping strategy for conducting rare donor screening which can be applied in blood centers and could be an important tool for identifying antigen-negative donors and, therefore, for providing rare blood. © SIMTI Servizi Srl.12SUPPL.1s256s263Jungbauer, C., Routine use of DNA testing for red cell antigens in blood centres (2011) Transfus Apher Sci, 45, pp. 61-68Nance, S.T., How to find, recruit and maintain rare blood donors (2009) Curr Opin Hematol, 16, pp. 503-508Veldhuisen, B., Van Der Schoot, C.E., De Haas, M., Blood group genotyping: From patient to high-throughput donor screening (2009) Vox Sang, 97, pp. 198-206Moulds, J.M., Future of molecular testing for red blood cell antigens (2010) Clin Lab Med, 30, pp. 419-429Patnaik, S.K., Helmberg, W., Blumenfeld, O.O., BGMUT: NCBI dbRBC database of allelic variations of genes encoding antigens of blood group systems (2012) Nucleic Acids Res, 40, pp. D1023-D1029Vallone, P.M., Butler, J.M., AutoDimer: A screening tool for primer-dimer and hairpin structures (2004) Biotechniques, 37, pp. 226-231Baleotti Jr., W., Rios, M., Reid, M.E., Dombrock gene analysis in Brazilian people reveals novel alleles (2006) Vox Sang, 91, pp. 81-87Rios, M., Hue-Roye, K., Oyen, R., Insights into the Holleyand Joseph- phenotypes (2002) Transfusion, 42, pp. 52-58Baleotti Jr., W., Rios, M., Reid, M.E., A novel DI*A allele without the Band 3-Memphis mutation in Amazonian Indians (2003) Vox Sang, 84, pp. 326-330Arnoni, C., Latini, F.R.M., Person, R.M., Padronização das técnicas de PCR-RFLP para genotipagem dos alelos KEL*3/ KEL*4 e KEL*5/KEL*6 (2011) Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter, 33 (SUPPL.2), pp. 332-488Baleotti Jr., W., Suzuki, R.B., Ruiz, M., A PCR-RFLP strategy for Wright typing (2011) Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter, 33 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 332-488Brazilian Real - United States Dollar Exchange Rate from Central Bank of Brazil, , http://www4.bcb.gov.br/pec/taxas, April 1st to April 30th, 27/03/2013Daniels, G., The molecular genetics of blood group polymorphism (2009) Hum Genet, 126, pp. 729-742Logdberg, L., Reid, M.E., Zelinski, T., Human blood group genes 2010: Chromosomal locations and cloning strategies revisited (2011) Transfus Med Rev, 25, pp. 36-46Di Cristofaro, J., Silvy, M., Chiaroni, J., Bailly, P., Single PCR multiplex SNaPshot reaction for detection of eleven blood group nucleotide polymorphisms: Optimization, validation, and one year of routine clinical use (2010) J Mol Diagn, 12, pp. 453-460Ferri, G., Pelotti, S., Multiplex ABO genotyping by minisequencing (2009) Methods Mol Biol, 496, pp. 51-58Palacajornsuk, P., Halter, C., Isakova, V., Detection of blood group genes using multiplex SNaPshot method (2009) Transfusion, 49, pp. 740-749Silvy, M., Simon, S., Gouvitsos, J., Weak D and DEL alleles detected by routine SNaPshot genotyping: Identification of four novel RHD alleles (2011) Transfusion, 51, pp. 401-411Silvy, M., Di Cristofaro, J., Beley, S., Identification of RHCE and KEL alleles in large cohorts of Afro-Caribbean and Comorian donors by multiplex SNaPshot and fragment assays: A transfusion support for sickle cell disease patients (2011) Br J Haematol, 154, pp. 260-270Pastinen, T., Kurg, A., Metspalu, A., Minisequencing: A specific tool for DNA analysis and diagnostics on oligonucleotide arrays (1997) Genome Res, 7, pp. 606-614Syvanen, A.C., From gels to chips: "Minisequencing" primer extension for analysis of point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (1999) Hum Mutat, 13, pp. 1-10Information notebook (2011) Blood and Hemoderivates Brasília, , Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Coordenação-Geral de Sangue e Hemoderivados. Hemotherapy production. Unified Health System - SUS Brazil - (Public and private contractors). Private non-contracted services by Unified Health System (SUS Brazil). 4th edSantos, N.P., Ribeiro-Rodrigues, E.M., Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, A.K., Assessing individual interethnic admixture and population substructure using a 48-insertion-deletion (INSEL) ancestry-informative marker (AIM) panel (2010) Hum Mutat, 31, pp. 184-190Storry, J.R., Human blood groups: Inheritance and importance in transfusion medicine (2003) J Infus Nurs, 26, pp. 367-37

Gauging N=2 Supersymmetric Non-Linear σ\sigma-Models in the Atiyah-Ward Space-Time

We build up a class of N=2 supersymmetric non-linear $\sigma$-models in an N=1 superspace based on the Atiyah-Ward space-time of (2+2)-signature metric. We also discuss the gauging of isometries of the associated hyper-K\"ahlerian target spaces and present the resulting gauge-covariant supersymmetric action functional.Comment: 12 pages, latex, no figure

Optical studies of the correlation between interface disorder and the photoluminescence line shape in GaAs/InGaP quantum wells

Photoluminescence (PL) and excitation PL measurements have been performed at different temperatures in a number of lattice-matched GaAs/In0.49Ga0.51P quantum wells, where the uctuations of the potential energy are comparable with the thermal energy of the photocreated carriers. Two samples with different well widths allow to observe a series of anomalous e ects in their optical response. The observed effects are related to the disorder in the interface, characterizing uctuations in the confinement potential energy. It is proposed that the carrier relaxation processes occur either at the local minima or at the absolute minimum of the confinement potential, depending on the ratio of the thermal energy and the magnitude of the potential fluctuations.314317Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES