Tuberculosis: double intradermal test. Its use in public health and diagnosis elucidation

The Mantoux test and a double intradermal tuberculin test (PID), were carried out on 131 patients hospitalized for diagnostic elucidation. Comparison was made between the results of the two intradermal tests and the final diagnosis, obtained by clinical, surgical and laboratory methods, and the data were submitted to statistical analysis. Measuring Mantoux reaction after 72 h, and injecting a new intradermal dose of PPD at exactly the same point and repeating the reading after another 24 h, the difference in size (mm) between the first and second readings may be interpreted in three different ways: 1) A difference of less than 3 mm between the two readings: nill statistical probability of patient with tuberculosis. 2) A difference of 3 mm or more, with maximal reaction diameter of 9 mm: indecisive result; patient probably without tuberculosis, however it is suggested that a new PID should be carried out after another 90 days. 3) A difference of 3 mm or more, with maximal reaction of 10 mm or more: patient probably has tuberculosis. The statistical analysis showed that the PID test is better than the Mantoux test, presenting fewer errors, less false-positive results, nill probability of false-negative results, better sensibility and specificity. The conclusion was drawn that the PID is a test that can be used in diagnostic elucidation and publici health surveys on the incidence of tuberculosis.Foram aplicados, o teste de Mantoux e uma prova intradérmica dupla de tuberculina (PID), em 131 pacientes hospitalizados para elucidação de diagnóstico, sendo os resultados comparados estatisticamente com o diagnóstico final obtido por métodos clínicos, cirúrgicos e laboratoriais. O teste de Mantoux lido às 72 h seguido de nova aplicação de PPD no mesmo local, sendo lida a nova reação após 24 h constitui a prova intradérmica dupla (PID), sendo o resaltado final obtido da diferença em mm entre a primeira e a segunda leitura. A análise estatística mostrou que a PID é melhor que o teste de Mantoux, com menos erros, menos reações falsas-positivas, probabilidade nula de dar falsos-negativos, maior sensibilidade e maior especificidade. Concluiu-se que a PID pode ser usada em elucidação de diagnóstico e em inquéritos de saúde pública em tuberculose

Irrigação da cultura do alho no Distrito Federal.

bitstream/item/107323/1/CNPH-DOCUMENTOS-01.IRRIGACAO-DA-CULTURA-DO-ALHO-NO-DISTRITO-FEDERAL-FL-07769-.pd

The Goal Programming as a Tool for Measuring the Sustainability of Agricultural Production Chains of Rice

Agricultural activity is characterized by an intensive use of capital and a considerable dependence on external financing. Access to credit is often limited by the scarcity of resources and lack of guarantees, seriously affecting the productivity and economic performance of agricultural exploitations. The objective of this paper is to assess the sustainability of agricultural production chain of rice in Latin America using multi-criteria analysis tools to facilitate decision-making through a benchmarking process to contribute to their economic sustainability. The implementation of the model in an exploitation typy depending on financing sources (conservative, intermediate, and innovative) has revealed the conflict between the goals, being the intermediate exploitation, which gets the best results. The conclusions show that the flexibilization of financing options positively affects the economic performance

Using online databases to produce comprehensive accounts of the vascular plants from the Brazilian protected areas: The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia as a case study.

Brazil is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, with about 37,000 species of land plants. Part of this biodiversity is within protected areas. The development of online databases in the last years greatly improved the available biodiversity data. However, the existing databases do not provide information about the protected areas in which individual plant species occur. The lack of such information is a crucial gap for conservation actions. This study aimed to show how the information captured from online databases, cleaned by a protocol and verified by taxonomists allowed us to obtain a comprehensive list of the vascular plant species from the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia", the first national park founded in Brazil. All existing records in the online database JABOT (15,100 vouchers) were downloaded, resulting in 11,783 vouchers identified at the species level. Overall, we documented 2,316 species belonging to 176 families and 837 genera of vascular plants in the "Parque Nacional do Itatiaia". Considering the whole vascular flora, 2,238 species are native and 78 are non-native

Emissions generated by sugarcane burning promote genotoxicity in rural workers: a case study in Barretos, Brazil

Background: To determine the possible genotoxic effect of exposure to the smoke generated by biomass burning on workers involved in manual sugar cane harvesting. Methods: The frequency of micronuclei in exfoliated buccal cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined in sugarcane workers in the Barretos region of Brazil, during the harvest season and compared to a control population, comprised of administrative employees of Barretos Cancer Hospital. Results: The frequency of micronuclei was higher in the sugar cane workers. The mean frequency in blood lymphocytes (micronuclei/1000 cells) in the test group was 8.22 versus 1.27 in the control group. The same effect was observed when exfoliated buccal cells were considered (22.75 and 9.70 micronuclei/1000 cells for sugar cane workers and controls, respectively). Conclusion: Exposure to emissions produced by the burning of sugar cane during harvesting induces genomic instability in workers, indicating the necessity of adopting more advanced techniques of harvesting sugar cane to preserve human health.We thank the Researcher Support Center of Barretos Cancer Hospital, especially the statistician Zanardo C. for assisting in the statistical analysis. We thank Oliveira R. for technical support, and we acknowledge financial support from FAPESP Proc. 2010/10192-6