CONTROLE QUÍMICO DO OÍDIO NA CULTURA DA SOJA

The occurrence of powdery mildew in soybean, especially when the environment conditions are favorable to disease development, can affect the crop and cause significant grain yield damages. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides to control powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean (Glycine max), an experiment was carried out in the city of Pato Branco, PR, during the 2004/2005 cropping season, using soybean cultivar EMBRAPA 48. The products were applied once, when the plants were at the R1 developmental stage. Severity of the disease was evaluated immediately before the application and weekly thereafter. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined based on data obtained for the various treatments. The treatments consisted of the following active principles: azoxystrobin + cyproconazole, flutriafol + methyl thyophanate, cyproconazole + propiconazole, fenarimol, flutriafol, trifloxistrobina + cyproconazole, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole, and tetraconazole. A control treatment without application of fungicides was included as well. The highest AUDPC value was observed in the control, at 51.8%. The fungicide treatments with the lowest AUDPC values, providing the best soybean productivity increases were flutriafol + methyl thyophanate, trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole, providing disease control percentages of 85.8, 82.1 e 90.3% respectively. Grain yield increase was influenced by the fungicides. By comparison against the yield obtained in the control, the estimated yield increase range provided by the fungicides was between 33.2% and 51%.A ocorrência de oídio em soja, sobretudo quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da doença, pode afetar a cultura e ocasionar danos significativos no rendimento de grãos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de fungicidas no controle do oídio (Microsphaera diffusa) na cultura da soja (Glycine max), realizou-se um experimento no município de Pato Branco, PR, no ano agrícola 04/2005, utilizando-se a cultivar de soja EMBRAPA 48. Uma aplicação dos produtos foi feita quando as plantas encontravam-se no estádio R1. As avaliações da severidade da doença foram realizadas no momento imediatamente anterior a aplicação e posteriormente, foram realizadas semanalmente. Com os dados foi determinada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), em função dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos seguintes princípios ativos: azoxistrobina + ciproconazole, flutriafol + tiofanato metílico, ciproconazole + propiconazole, fenarimol, flutriafol, trifloxistrobina + ciproconazole, trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole, tetraconazole. Foi incluído um tratamento testemunha sem a aplicação de fungicidas. A maior AACPD da doença foi observada na testemunha com 51,8%. Os tratamentos com fungicidas que se destacaram com menor AACPD e com o aumento da produtividade da soja foram flutriafol + tiofanato metílico, trifloxistrobina + tebuconazole e trifloxistrobina + ciproconazole, que apresentaram um controle da doença de 85,8, 82,1 e 90,3% respectivamente. O acréscimo no rendimento de grãos foi influenciado pelos fungicidas, comparando com o rendimento obtido na testemunha, estimou-se um incremento produtivo proporcionado pelos fungicidas entre 33,2% e 51%

The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL): A general view, application and challenges

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:42:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-15Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The present study was developed in a joint partnership with the Brazilian pedometrics community to standardize and evaluate spectra within the 350–2500 nm range of Brazilian soils. The Brazilian Soil Spectral Library (BSSL) began in 1995, creating a protocol to gather soil samples from different locations in Brazil. The BSSL reached 39,284 soil samples from 65 contributors representing 41 institutions from all 26 states. Through the BSSL spectra database, it was possible to estimate important soil attributes, such as clay, sand, soil organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, pH and base saturation, resulting in differences among the multi-scale models taking Brazil (overall), regional and state scale. In general, spectral descriptive and quantitative behavior indicated important relationship with physical, chemical and mineralogical properties. Statistical analyses showed that six basic patterns of spectral signatures represent the Brazilian soils types and that environmental conditions explain the differences in spectra. This study demonstrates that spectroscopy analyses along with the establishment of soil spectral libraries are a powerful technique for providing information on a national and regional levels. We also developed an interactive online platform showing soil sample locations and their contributors. As soil spectroscopy is considered a fast, simple, accurate and nondestructive analytical procedure, its application may be integrated with wet analysis as an alternative to support the sustainable management of soils.Department of Soil Science Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP), Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Department of Soil Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000Geographical Sciences Department Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Ac. Hélio Ramos, s/nDepartment of Agronomy State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790Department of Agriculture Biodiversity and Forestry Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rodovia Ulysses Gaboardi 3000 - Km 3Federal Rural University of Amazon, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine University of BrasíliaEMBRAPA - Solos, R. Antônio Falcão, 402, Boa ViagemCenter of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA) USP, Av. Centenário 303CDRS/Secretary of Agriculture of São Paulo State, R. Campos Salles 507Department of Soils Federal University of Viçosa, Ave. Peter Henry Rolfs s/nEMBRAPA – Informática Agropecuária, Ave. André Tosello, 209Department of Nuclear Energy Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Luis Freire 1000Department of Geography Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/nAgronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC), Ave. Barão de Itapura 1481Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal Rural University of Amazônia, Ave. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501, 66.077-830Department of Soil Science Federal University of LavrasFederal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa 2367Department of Soils Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07 s/nSoil and Water Sciences Department University of Florida, 2181 McCarty Hallr, PO Box 110290EMBRAPA - Solos, R. Jardim Botânico, 1024Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nFederal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/nGraduate Program in Earth Sciences (Geochemistry) Department of Geochemistry Federal Fluminense University, Outeiro São João Batista, s/nFederal Institute of the Southeast of Minas Gerais, R. Monsenhor José Augusto 204Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Joaquim Gregório s/nFederal University of PiauíEMBRAPA Milho e Sorgo, Rod MG 424 Km 45Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Valleys, Ave. Ver. João Narciso 1380Department of Biosystems Engineering ESALQ USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Federal University of Acre, Rodovia BR 364 Km 04Federal University of Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo O. J. Ramos 1200EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, BR-392, km 78Department of Agronomy Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, R. Manuel de Medeiros s/nEMBRAPA Cocais, Quadra 11, Av. São Luís Rei de França 4Paraense Emílio Goeldi Museum, Av. Gov. Magalhães Barata 376Exata Laboratory, Rua Silvestre Carvalho Q 11Federal University of Rondônia, BR 364, Km 9.5Nacional Institute for Amazonian Research, Ave. André Araújo 2936Department of Forestry Sciences ESALQ-USP, Ave. Pádua Dias 11, Cx. Postal 9Department of Soils and Fertilizers School of Agricultural and Veterinary Studies São Paulo State University (FCAV-UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/nFAPESP: 2014/22262-0FAPESP: 2016/26176-6FAPESP: 2017/03207-