Síndrome de intestino corto en niños: actualidades en su diagnóstico y manejo

ResumenEl síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) se refiere a la suma de alteraciones funcionales que resultan de una reducción crítica en la longitud del intestino, y que en ausencia de un tratamiento adecuado se manifiestan con diarrea crónica, deshidratación crónica, desnutrición, pérdida de peso, deficiencia de nutrimentos y electrolitos, así como falla para crecer que se presenta con mayor frecuencia durante el periodo neonatal. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión de la literatura médica sobre la definición, las causas más frecuentes de SIC así como entender la fisiopatología, los factores pronósticos y tratamiento.Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en PubMed, considerando la información existente en niños con SIC de 20 años hasta la fecha, utilizando las palabras clave “síndrome de intestino corto”. De un total de 784 artículos potenciales, se realizó una selección de 82 artículos donde realizamos la revisión de la literatura médica. Los pacientes con SIC son todo un reto para su tratamiento, por lo que se debe establecer un manejo multidisciplinario enfocado en mantener un soporte nutricional óptimo que cubra las necesidades para crecimiento, desarrollo y asimismo, disminuir al máximo la presencia de complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo. El diagnóstico y manejo de un niño con SIC, implica un equipo de profesionales expertos en el manejo gastroenterológico, pediátrico y nutricional. El pronóstico del niño estará en función al manejo oportuno, así como longitud de la resección intestinal y presencia o no de válvula ileocecal.AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) refers to the sum of the functional alterations that are the result of a critical reduction in the length of the intestine, which in the absence of adequate treatment, presents as chronic diarrhea, chronic dehydration, malnutrition, weight loss, nutriment and electrolyte deficiency, along with a failure to grow that is present with greater frequency during the neonatal period. The aim was to carry out a review of the literature encompassing the definition and the most frequent causes of SBS, together with an understanding of its physiopathology, prognostic factors, and treatment.An Internet search of PubMed articles was carried out for the existing information published over the last 20 years on SBS in children, using the keywords “short bowel syndrome”. From a total of 784 potential articles, 82 articles were chosen for the literature review. The treatment of patients presenting with SBS is quite a challenge and therefore it is necessary to establish multidisciplinary management with a focus on maintaining optimal nutritional support that covers the necessities of growth and development and at the same time provides a maximum reduction of short, medium, and long-term complications. The diagnosis and treatment of a child with SBS require a team of professionals that are experts in gastroenterologic, pediatric, and nutritional management. The outcome for the child will be directly related to opportune management, as well as to the length of the intestinal resection and the presence or absence of the ileocecal valve

Determination of DNA Damage in Floriculturists Exposed to Mixtures of Pesticides

The aim of the study was to determine possible DNA damage in floriculturists chronically exposed to pesticides. Leukocytes from 52 workers, 46 environmentally exposed, and 38 control individuals were evaluated with the comet assay. Serum from all individuals was also analyzed for pesticides using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A statistically significant difference in DNA fragmentation in the pesticide exposed group compared to the other two groups (P < .001) was found. No differences between environmentally exposed and control individuals were detected. The statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between DNA damage and sex, age, drinking or smoking habits, as well as years of exposure. One or more pesticides were detected in 50% of the floriculturists, while in the rest of the individuals, a chemical related with the preparation of pesticides, such as additives, plasticizers, or solvents, was found. Our study shows that chronic exposure to pesticides produces DNA damage in floriculturists. It also suggests that this type of monitoring could be valuable in recommending preventive measures

Rethinking the Building Envelope as an Intelligent Community Hub for Renewable Energy Sharing

The widespread use of electric vehicles is hampered by the lack of an adequate charging points network. Likewise, and depending on the use, there could be a lack of correspondence between energy use and production in buildings equipped with renewable energy production systems. For these reasons, a modular device, which could be fully integrated into the building envelope, has been developed. The aim of the project was both to regenerate the existing building envelope and to enhance the newest one, adding new functions. The main goal will be the support of the growth of an electric power-sharing attitude capable of promoting the widespread use of electric vehicles of electric vehicle (EV), supporting strategic actions to retrofit/convert a private building in shared spaces for EV mobility, ensuring enough coverage for charging devices and reducing costs for public administration

Isolation of a New Mexican Strain of Bacillus subtilis with Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

Although several strains of B. subtilis with antifungal activity have been isolated worldwide, to date there are no published reports regarding the isolation of a native B. subtilis strain from strawberry plants in Mexico. A native bacterium (Bacillus subtilis 21) demonstrated in vitro antagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, it was shown that plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium verticillioides and treated with B. subtilis 21 produced augment in the number of leaves per plant and an increment in the length of healthy leaves in comparison with untreated plants. In addition, B. subtilis 21 showed activity against pathogenic bacteria. Secreted proteins by B. subtilis 21 were studied, detecting the presence of proteases and bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances that could be implicated in its antagonistic activity. Chitinases and zwittermicin production could not be detected. Then, B. subtilis 21 could potentially be used to control phytopathogenic fungi that infect strawberry plants

Sistema de Produção Integrada do leite de cabra na região do Cariri Paraibano.

Resumo: O Sistema Agropecuário de Produção Integrada (SAPI) é uma política pública voltada à obtenção de alimentos seguros, para atender exigências sanitárias, tecnológicas, ambientais e sociais deste novo mercado consumidor. O sistema emprega tecnologias, as quais permitem a aplicação de Boas Práticas Agropecuárias (BPA) e controle efetivo de todo o processo produtivo. Idealizou-se o presente estudo, com o objetivo de implementar medidas de BPA em duas propriedades do Cariri Paraibano, as quais se tornarão Unidades Técnicas de Referência Local (UTRL) para o Sistema Agropecuário de Produção Integrada de Caprinocultura Leiteira. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que esse modelo de produção tem potencial para proporcionar uma nova competitividade para a produção de leite de cabra e derivados. [Integrated production system for goat milk in the cariri region of paraíba, Brazil]. Abstract: Goat milk is an inclusion product in family agriculture within the institutional and other new types of markets. In northeastern Brazil where as a rule all goat milk goes to school meal-provisions, goat breeding in family homesteads is being developed in expansion hubs even though such features as quantity and quality required improvement. The Agricultural-Stockbreeding System of Integrated Production (SAPI) is a government policy for safe food deemed to comply with sanitary, technological, environmental and social requirements of the new consumer market. The system employs technologies through the application of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and efficient control throughout the production process. Current analysis aims at deploying GAP on two farms in the Cariri region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, which will become the Technical Units for Local Reference for the Agricultural-Stockbreeding System of Integrated Production. Results show that the production model is capable of providing new competitiveness for the production of goat milk and derived products

Linfangiectasia intestinal primaria: 20 años de experiencia en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría

ResumenAntecedentesLa linfangiectasia intestinal primaria es una enfermedad congénita rara descrita por Waldmann en 1961, y que es consecuencia de una obstrucción del drenaje linfático del intestino delgado con dilatación secundaria de los vasos linfáticos, que distorsionan la arquitectura de las vellosidades ocasionando pérdida de linfa hacia la luz intestinal,dando como resultado una enteropatía perdedora de proteínas y malabsorción de nutrimentos.ObjetivoDescribir las características clínicas, bioquímicas, radiológicas, endoscópicas e histológicas en niños con linfangiectasia intestinal primaria.MétodoEstudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo de niños con linfangiectasia intestinal primaria que fueron vistos en el Servicio de Gastroenterología y Nutrición del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría desde el 1 de enero de 1992 al 30 de septiembre de 2012, en donde se revisaron los expedientes clínicos de los niños con este diagnóstico.ResultadosSe encontraron 4 pacientes con linfangiectasia intestinal primaria, 3 de ellos diagnosticados antes de los 3 años; todos se presentaron con diarrea crónica, edema, linfopenia, hipocalcemia, hipoalbuminemia e hipogammaglobulinemia, y en 3 pacientes, con hipocolesterolemia, y con tránsito intestinal, endoscopia y biopsias intestinales características de esta enfermedad.ConclusionesLa linfangiectasia intestinal debe sospecharse ante un cuadro de diarrea crónica, enteropatía perdedora de proteínas, que se acompaña de edema a cualquier nivel, así como hipoalbuminemia, hipocalcemia, linfopenia, hipogammaglobulinemia e hipocolesterolemia como los principales hallazgos bioquímicos de esta entidad. Ante esta enfermedad debe realizarse estudio de serie esofagogastroduodenal con tránsito intestinal y endoscopia con toma de biopsias a nivel de duodeno. El tratamiento incluye dieta y administración periódica de albúmina y gammaglobulina.AbstractBackgroundPrimary intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare congenital disease described by Waldmann in 1961 that is a consequence of obstruction of the lymphatic drainage of the small bowel with secondary lymph vessel dilation. This distorts the architecture of the villi and causes a leakage of lymph into the intestinal lumen, resulting in protein-losing enteropathy and malabsorption.AimTo describe the clinical, biochemical, radiologic, endoscopic, and histologic characteristics in children with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia.MethodA retrospective observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted that reviewed the case records of children diagnosed with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia that were seen at the Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría within the time frame of January 1, 1992 to September 30, 2012.ResultsFour patients were found that presented with primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Three of them had been diagnosed before 3 years of age. All the patients presented with chronic diarrhea, edema, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia, and 3 patients presented with hypocholesterolemia. Bowel transit time, endoscopy, and intestinal biopsies were characteristic of this pathology.ConclusionsIntestinal lymphangiectasia should be suspected when there is a clinical picture of chronic diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy accompanied with edema at any level, as well as hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia, which are the main biochemical findings of this pathology. All children presenting with intestinal lymphangiectasia should undergo an upper gastrointestinal series with bowel transit time and endoscopy with biopsies taken at the level of the duodenum. Treatment includes diet and the periodic administration of albumin and gamma globulin

Behavioral Adaptations of Female Mice on the International Space Station

Adult female mice were sent to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of an early life science mission utilizing NASA's Rodent Habitat. Its primary purpose was to provide further insight into the influence of a microgravity environment on various aspects of mammalian physiology and well-being as part of an ongoing program of research aimed ultimately at understanding and ameliorating the deleterious influences of space on the human body. The present study took advantage of video collected from fixed, in-flight cameras within the habitat itself, to assess behavioral adaptations observed among in-flight mice aboard the ISS and differences in behavior with respect to a control group on the ground. Data collection consisted of several behavioral measures recorded by a trained observer with the assistance of interactive behavior analysis software. Specific behavioral measures included frequencies of conspecific interactionsociability, time spent feeding and conducting hygienic behavior, and relative durations of thigmotactic behavior, which is commonly used as an index of anxiety. Data were used to test tentative hypotheses that such behaviors differ significantly across mice under microgravity versus 1g conditions, and the assumption that the novel experience of microgravity itself may represent an initially anxiogenic stimulus which an animal will eventually acclimate to, perhaps through habituation

Analysis of High-order Social Interaction of Female Mice on the International Space Station

Social interactions are adaptive responses to environmental pressures that have evolved to facilitate the success of individual animals and their progeny. Quantifying social behavior in social animals is therefore one method of evaluating an animal's health, wellbeing and their adjustment to changes in their environment. The interaction between environment and animal can influence numerous other physiological and psychological responses that may enhance, deter or shift an animals social paradigm. For this study, we utilized flight video from the Rodent Research Hardware and Operations Validation mission (Rodent Research-1; RR1) on the International Space Station (ISS). Female mice spent 37 days in microgravity on the ISS and video was captured during the final 33 days. In a previous analysis of individual behavior, we also reported an observed spontaneous ambulatory behavior which we termed circling or 'race tracking,' and we anecdotally observed an increase in group organization around this behavior. In this analysis we further examined this behavior, and other social interactions, to determine if (1) animals joining in on this behavior were induced by other cohort members already participating in this circling behavior, (2) rates of joining varied by number already participating

Potential odour emission measurement in organic fraction of municipal solid waste during anaerobic digestion : relationship with process and biological stability parameters

The aim of the present study is to investigate the correlation between microbial activity, i.e., biological stability measured by aerobic (OD(20) test) and anaerobic tests (ABP test), and odour emissions of organic fraction of municipal solid waste during anaerobic digestion in a full-scale treatment plant considering the three stages of the process (input, digested and post-digested waste). The results obtained indicated that the stabilization of the treated material reduces the odour impact measured by the olfactometric approach. Successive application of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electronic nose (EN) allowed the characterization of the different groups of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) responsible of odour impacts determining, also, their concentration. Principal component and partial least squares analyses applied to the EN and GC-MS data sets gave good regression for the OD(20) vs the EN and OD(20) vs the GC-MS data. Therefore, OD(20) reduction could be used as an odour depletion indicator. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved