Shredding energy consumption of GFRP composite waste

This work investigated effect of glass fibre fabric structures, feedstock feed rate and screen size on specific shredding energy of glass fibre reinforced plastics (GFRP) waste via a two-level factorial design of experiment study. Four types of fabric structure, i.e. unidirectional (UD), biaxial (BIAX), triaxial (TRIAX) and chopped strand mat (CSM), were impregnated separately with unsaturated polyester resin to manufacture GFRP plates. The shredding energy was measured using a two-wattmeter approach. During shredding, CSM demonstrated a relatively flat power consumption curve compared to other fabric types. It was also noticed that the GFRP plate reinforced with more complex woven structure, i.e. TRIAX, required higher energy for shredding, especially with a combination of high feed rate and small screen size. It was found that mechanical efficiency was only around 8.2-15.7% and 0.8-2.2% for shredding at feed rate of 60 kg/hr and 10 kg/hr respectively. It was also found that adopting a larger screen size and lower feed rate could reduce the specific shredding energy

K\"{a}hler-Einstein metrics on strictly pseudoconvex domains

The metrics of S. Y. Cheng and S.-T. Yau are considered on a strictly pseudoconvex domains in a complex manifold. Such a manifold carries a complete K\"{a}hler-Einstein metric if and only if its canonical bundle is positive. We consider the restricted case in which the CR structure on $\partial M$ is normal. In this case M must be a domain in a resolution of the Sasaki cone over $\partial M$. We give a condition on a normal CR manifold which it cannot satisfy if it is a CR infinity of a K\"{a}hler-Einstein manifold. We are able to mostly determine those normal CR 3-manifolds which can be CR infinities. Many examples are given of K\"{a}hler-Einstein strictly pseudoconvex manifolds on bundles and resolutions.Comment: 30 pages, 1 figure, couple corrections, improved a couple example

The classification of all single travelling wave solutions to Calogero-Degasperis-Focas equation

Under the travelling wave transformation, Calogero-Degasperis-Focas equation was reduced to an ordinary differential equation. Using a symmetry group of one-parameter, this ODE was reduced to a second order linear inhomogeneous ODE. Furthermore, we applied the change of the variable and complete discrimination system for polynomial to solve the corresponding integrals and obtained the classification of all single travelling wave solutions to Calogero-Degasperis-Focas equation.Comment: 9 page

B -> J/psi K^* Decays in QCD Factorization

The hadronic decay B -> J K^* is analyzed within the framework of QCD factorization. The spin amplitudes A_0, A_\parallel and A_\perp in the transversity basis and their relative phases are studied using various different form-factor models for B-K^* transition. The effective parameters a_2^h for helicity h=0,+,- states receive different nonfactorizable contributions and hence they are helicity dependent, contrary to naive factorization where a_2^h are universal and polarization independent. QCD factorization breaks down even at the twist-2 level for transverse hard spectator interactions. Although a nontrivial strong phase for the A_\parallel amplitude can be achieved by adjusting the phase of an infrared divergent contribution, the present QCD factorization calculation cannot say anything definite about the phase phi_\parallel. Unlike B -> J/psi K decays, the longitudinal parameter a_2^0 for B -> J/psi K^* does not receive twist-3 corrections and is not large enough to account for the observed branching ratio and the fraction of longitudinal polarization. Possible enhancement mechanisms for a_2^0 are discussed.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, a table and a reference added, some typos correcte

The interaction between strigolactones and other plant hormones in the regulation of plant development : Review

Plant hormones are small molecules derived from various metabolic pathways and are important regulators of plant development. The most recently discovered phytohormone class comprises the carotenoid-derived strigolactones (SLs). For a long time these compounds were only known to be secreted into the rhizosphere where they act as signaling compounds, but now we know they are also active as endogenous plant hormones and they have been in the spotlight ever since. The initial discovery that SLs are involved in the inhibition of axillary bud outgrowth, initiated a multitude of other studies showing that SLs also play a role in defining root architecture, secondary growth, hypocotyl elongation, and seed germination, mostly in interaction with other hormones. Their coordinated action enables the plant to respond in an appropriate manner to environmental factors such as temperature, shading, day length, and nutrient availability. Here, we will review the current knowledge on the crosstalk between SLs and other plant hormones—such as auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), and gibberellins (GA)—during different physiological processes. We will furthermore take a bird's eye view of how this hormonal crosstalk enables plants to respond to their ever changing environments

Factorization and Nonfactorization in B Decays

Using NLL values for Wilson coefficients and including the contributions from the penguin diagrams, we estimate the amount of nonfactorization in two-body hadronic B decays. Also, we investigate the model dependence of the nonfactorization parameters by performing the calculation using different models for the form factors. The results support the universality of nonfactorizable contributions in both Cabibbo-favored and Cabibbo-suppressed B decays.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, revte

Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Necrosis

Regulation of cellular death is central to nearly all physiological routines and is dysregulated in virtually all diseases. Cell death occurs by two major processes, necrosis which culminates in a pervasive inflammatory response and apoptosis which is largely immunologically inert. As necrosis has long been considered an accidental, unregulated form of cellular death that occurred in response to a harsh environmental stimulus, it was largely ignored as a clinical target. However, recent elegant studies suggest that certain forms of necrosis can be reprogrammed. However, scant little is known about the molecules and pathways that orchestrate calcium-overload-induced necrosis, a main mediator of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced cardiomyocyte cell death. To rectify this critical gap in our knowledge, we performed a novel genome-wide siRNA screen to identify modulators of calcium-induced necrosis in human muscle cells. Our screen identified multiple molecular circuitries that either enhance or inhibit this process, including lysosomal calcium channel TPCN1, mitophagy mediatorTOMM7, Ran-binding protein RanBP9, Histone deacetylase HDAC2, chemokine CCL11, and the Arp2/3 complex regulator glia maturation factor-γ(GMFG). Notably, a number of druggable enzymes were identified, including the proteasome β5 subunit (encoded by PSMB5 gene), which controls the proteasomal chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity. Such findings open up the possibility for the discovery of pharmacological interventions that could provide therapeutic benefits to patients affected by myriad disorders characterized by excessive (or too little) necrotic cell loss, including but not limited to IR injury in the heart and kidney, chronic neurodegenerative disorders, muscular dystrophies, sepsis, and cancers

Updated Analysis of a_1 and a_2 in Hadronic Two-body Decays of B Mesons

Using the recent experimental data of $B\to D^{(*)}(\pi,\rho)$, $B\to D^{(*)} D_s^{(*)}$, $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ and various model calculations on form factors, we re-analyze the effective coefficients a_1 and a_2 and their ratio. QCD and electroweak penguin corrections to a_1 from $B\to D^{(*)}D_s^{(*)}$ and a_2 from $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ are estimated. In addition to the model-dependent determination, the effective coefficient a_1 is also extracted in a model-independent way as the decay modes $B\to D^{(*)}h$ are related by factorization to the measured semileptonic distribution of $B\to D^{(*)}\ell \bar\nu$ at $q^2=m_h^2$. Moreover, this enables us to extract model-independent heavy-to-heavy form factors, for example, $F_0^{BD}(m_\pi^2)=0.66\pm0.06\pm0.05$ and $A_0^{BD^*}(m_\pi^2)=0.56\pm0.03\pm0.04$. The determination of the magnitude of a_2 from $B\to J/\psi K^{(*)}$ depends on the form factors $F_1^{BK}$, $A_{1,2}^{BK^*}$ and $V^{BK^*}$ at $q^2=m^2_{J/\psi}$. By requiring that a_2 be process insensitive (i.e., the value of a_2 extracted from $J/\psi K$ and $J/\psi K^*$ states should be similar), as implied by the factorization hypothesis, we find that $B\to K^{(*)}$ form factors are severely constrained; they respect the relation $F_1^{BK}(m^2_{J/\psi})\approx 1.9 A_1^{BK^*}(m^2_{J/\psi})$. Form factors $A_2^{BK^*}$ and $V^{BK^*}$ at $q^2=m^2_{J/\psi}$ inferred from the measurements of the longitudinal polarization fraction and the P-wave component in $B\to J/\psi K^*$ are obtained. A stringent upper limit on a_2 is derived from the current bound on \ov B^0\to D^0\pi^0 and it is sensitive to final-state interactions.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figures. Typos in Tables I and IX are corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev.

Thermal properties of coal during low temperature oxidation using a grey correlation method

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.The low temperature oxidation of coal is a contradictory and unified dynamic process of coexisting mass and heat transfer. The thermophysical properties are crucial during coal spontaneous combustion. In the current paper, the variations of moisture, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon and thermophysical properties (thermal diffusivity, specific heat and thermal conductivity) of three coal samples from 30 °C to 300 °C were studied, and their grey correlation was analyzed. The results indicated that with the increase of temperature, the free moisture of Coals A and B decreased first but then increased, while the free moisture of Coal C kept decreasing without a later increase. The variation of surface moisture was consistent with that of free moisture. The trend of volatiles and fixed carbon was completely the opposite, showing a significant negative correlation. Ash was less affected by temperature. Along with the rise of temperature, the thermal diffusivity of three coal samples decreased first but later increased, and the specific heat was always in a state of increasing. The change in thermal conductivity was mainly affected by specific heat. By calculating the gray correlation degree, the major factors affecting the thermophysical properties were obtained

Helicity conservation in inclusive nonleptonic decay B to VX: Test of long-distance final state interaction

The polarization measurement in the inclusive B decay provides us with a simple test of how much the long-distance final-state interaction takes place as the energy of the observed meson varies in the final state. We give the expectation of the perturbative QCD for the energy dependence of the helicity fractions in a semiquantitative form. Experiment will tell us for which decay processes the perturbative calculation should be applicable.Comment: 15 pages in Revtex with 3 figures embedde