Lung hyperinflation stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators in spontaneously breathing subjects

Lung hyperinflation up to vital capacity is used to re-expand collapsed lung areas and to improve gas exchange during general anesthesia. However, it may induce inflammation in normal lungs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a lung hyperinflation maneuver (LHM) on plasma cytokine release in 10 healthy subjects (age: 26.1 ± 1.2 years, BMI: 23.8 ± 3.6 kg/m²). LHM was performed applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a face mask, increased by 3-cmH2O steps up to 20 cmH2O every 5 breaths. At CPAP 20 cmH2O, an inspiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O above CPAP was applied, reaching an airway pressure of 40 cmH2O for 10 breaths. CPAP was then decreased stepwise. Blood samples were collected before and 2 and 12 h after LHM. TNF-&#945;, IL-1&#946;, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured by flow cytometry. Lung hyperinflation significantly increased (P < 0.05) all measured cytokines (TNF-&#945;: 1.2 ± 3.8 vs 6.4 ± 8.6 pg/mL; IL-1&#946;: 4.9 ± 15.6 vs 22.4 ± 28.4 pg/mL; IL-6: 1.4 ± 3.3 vs 6.5 ± 5.6 pg/mL; IL-8: 13.2 ± 8.8 vs 33.4 ± 26.4 pg/mL; IL-10: 3.3 ± 3.3 vs 7.7 ± 6.5 pg/mL, and IL-12: 3.1 ± 7.9 vs 9 ± 11.4 pg/mL), which returned to basal levels 12 h later. A significant correlation was found between changes in pro- (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines (r = 0.89, P = 0.004). LHM-induced lung stretching was associated with an early inflammatory response in healthy spontaneously breathing subjects

Hematological and immunological development from birth to six months of age in Holstein calves

ABSTRACT The hematological and immunological development of calves from birth to 6 months of age was performed by hemogram and cellular phenotype. Ten male Holstein calves were assessed in 13 moments: before colostrum intake (D0), every 2 days until the 10th day of life (D2 to D10), at the 15th day after birth (D15), and then monthly up to 6 months (D180). Calves presented hemoconcentration on day (D) 0 and showed a gradual decrease in hematimetric rates until D180. The inversion of the neutrophilic for lymphocytic profile was observed on D4. The percentage of CD3+ cells on D10 was higher than D30 up to D180. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells did not change between time points. The number of CD21+ lymphocytes was significantly higher at early time points of D0 up to D15, compared on D30 until D150. In conclusion, the neonatal period was marked by stress leukogram in the first 4 days, and low number of B lymphocytes. These might be risk factors for bacterial infections responsible for navel inflammation and diarrhea. The increase in the number of B cells from 30 days of age demonstrated that the calves were functional and able to generate an immune response

Lung hyperinflation stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators in spontaneously breathing subjects.

Lung hyperinflation up to vital capacity is used to re-expand collapsed lung areas and to improve gas exchange during general anesthesia. However, it may induce inflammation in normal lungs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a lung hyperinflation maneuver (LHM) on plasma cytokine release in 10 healthy subjects (age: 26.1 +/- 1.2 years, BMI: 23.8 +/- 3.6 kg/m(2)). LHM was performed applying continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a face mask, increased by 3-cmH(2)O steps up to 20 cmH(2)O every 5 breaths. At CPAP 20 cmH(2)O, an inspiratory pressure of 20 cmH(2)O above CPAP was applied, reaching an airway pressure of 40 cmH(2)O for 10 breaths. CPAP was then decreased stepwise. Blood samples were collected before and 2 and 12 h after LHM. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 were measured by flow cytometry. Lung hyperinflation significantly increased (P < 0.05) all measured cytokines (TNF-alpha: 1.2 +/- 3.8 vs 6.4 +/- 8.6 pg/mL; IL-1beta: 4.9 +/- 15.6 vs 22.4 +/- 28.4 pg/mL; IL-6: 1.4 +/- 3.3 vs 6.5 +/- 5.6 pg/mL; IL-8: 13.2 +/- 8.8 vs 33.4 +/- 26.4 pg/mL; IL-10: 3.3 +/- 3.3 vs 7.7 +/- 6.5 pg/mL, and IL-12: 3.1 +/- 7.9 vs 9 +/- 11.4 pg/mL), which returned to basal levels 12 h later. A significant correlation was found between changes in pro- (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines (r = 0.89, P = 0.004). LHM-induced lung stretching was associated with an early inflammatory response in healthy spontaneously breathing subjects

Hematological and immunological development from birth to six months of age in Holstein calves

ABSTRACT The hematological and immunological development of calves from birth to 6 months of age was performed by hemogram and cellular phenotype. Ten male Holstein calves were assessed in 13 moments: before colostrum intake (D0), every 2 days until the 10th day of life (D2 to D10), at the 15th day after birth (D15), and then monthly up to 6 months (D180). Calves presented hemoconcentration on day (D) 0 and showed a gradual decrease in hematimetric rates until D180. The inversion of the neutrophilic for lymphocytic profile was observed on D4. The percentage of CD3+ cells on D10 was higher than D30 up to D180. The number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells did not change between time points. The number of CD21+ lymphocytes was significantly higher at early time points of D0 up to D15, compared on D30 until D150. In conclusion, the neonatal period was marked by stress leukogram in the first 4 days, and low number of B lymphocytes. These might be risk factors for bacterial infections responsible for navel inflammation and diarrhea. The increase in the number of B cells from 30 days of age demonstrated that the calves were functional and able to generate an immune response.</div