Real-time data assimilative modeling on Georges bank

Real-time oceanic forecasts were constructed at sea on Georges Bank during Spring 1999. Ship- and shore-based computations were combined to deliver daily 3-day forecasts to shipboard scientists for interpreting observations and planning operations. Data assimilated included acoustic Doppler current profiler velocities, drifter trajectories, and taxa-specific plankton observations from a Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) system. Services provided included basic 3-D circulation forecasts, forecast positions of drifters, dye and zoo-plankton, and the advective adjustment of observations to produce synoptic maps. The results indicate that real-time, at-sea data assimilative modeling can provide valuable information services and can be deployed routinely, provided that networking among ships, instruments, and shore continues to improve. This paper summarizes the real-time modeling experience. Results of the larger effort including scientific data interpretation are being reported separately

Prevalence of Frailty in European Emergency Departments (FEED): an international flash mob study

Introduction Current emergency care systems are not optimized to respond to multiple and complex problems associated with frailty. Services may require reconfiguration to effectively deliver comprehensive frailty care, yet its prevalence and variation are poorly understood. This study primarily determined the prevalence of frailty among older people attending emergency care. Methods This cross-sectional study used a flash mob approach to collect observational European emergency care data over a 24-h period (04 July 2023). Sites were identified through the European Task Force for Geriatric Emergency Medicine collaboration and social media. Data were collected for all individuals aged 65 + who attended emergency care, and for all adults aged 18 + at a subset of sites. Variables included demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), vital signs, and disposition. European and national frailty prevalence was determined with proportions with each CFS level and with dichotomized CFS 5 + (mild or more severe frailty). Results Sixty-two sites in fourteen European countries recruited five thousand seven hundred eighty-five individuals. 40% of 3479 older people had at least mild frailty, with countries ranging from 26 to 51%. They had median age 77 (IQR, 13) years and 53% were female. Across 22 sites observing all adult attenders, older people living with frailty comprised 14%. Conclusion 40% of older people using European emergency care had CFS 5 + . Frailty prevalence varied widely among European care systems. These differences likely reflected entrance selection and provide windows of opportunity for system configuration and workforce planning

PERBEDAAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA REMAJA MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

Background: The awareness of reproductive health are increasing, namely HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. This indicates that knowledge of reproductive health is important. This research aimed to identify reproductive health knowledge in adolescent difference, including aspects of anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system, gender and sexuality, pregnancy and risk of teenage pregnancy, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases among students of the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Diponegoro University. Methods: This research design was observational analytic with cross-sectional method, conducted from March until June 2011. The research subjects were students who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, collected by purposive random sampling method. Data was obtained from the questionnaire and analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis. Univariate analysis was used to determine frequency distributions analysis and bivariate analysis used chi square test (x2) to identify significance. Results: Faculty of Medicine students of whom reproductive health knowledge level was categorized as good (55,1%), average (39,8%), and less (5,1%). Faculty of Social and Political Sciences students of whom reproductive health knowledge level was categorized as good (5%), average (67,3%), and less (27,6%). There are significant differences in reproductive health knowledge levels between students of those two faculty (p=0.000). Conclusion: The reproductive health knowledge level of Faculty of Medicine students is higher than Faculty of Social and Political Sciences students and significantly different. Keywords: adolescent, reproductive health knowledg

Automatic symmetry detection in well-formed nets

Abstract. Formal verification of complex systems using high-level Petri Nets faces the so-called state-space explosion problem. In the context of Petri nets generated from a higher level specification, this problem is particularly acute due to the inherent size of the considered models. A solution is to perform a symbolic analysis of the reachability graph, which exploits the symmetry of a model. Well-Formed Nets (WN) are a class of high-level Petri nets, developed specifically to allow automatic construction of a symbolic reachability graph (SRG), that represents equivalence classes of states. This relies on the definition by the modeler of the symmetries of the model, through the definition of “static sub-classes”. Since a model is self-contained, these (a)symmetries are actually defined by the model itself. This paper presents an algorithm capable of automatically extracting the symmetries inherent to a model, thus allowing its symbolic study by translating it to WN. The computation starts from the assumption that the model is entirely symmetric, then examines each component of a net to deduce the symmetry break it induces. This translation is transparent to the end-user, and is implemented as a service for the AMI-Net package. It is particularly adapted to models containing large value domains, yielding combinatorial gain in the size of the reachability graph.

Atrophy but not death of adult septal cholinergic neurons after ablation of target capacity to produce mRNAs for NGF, BDNF, and NT3

The effect of unilateral excitotoxic ablation of hippocampal neurons was investigated on (1) the local production of mRNA for NGF and related neurotrophins, (2) the amount of NGF protein in the septal region, and (3) the viability and appearance of afferent septal cholinergic neurons in adult rats. After near complete ablation of hippocampal neurons, total levels of NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) mRNA measured by quantitative Northern blot analysis in the hippocampal remnant fell significantly, to less than 25% of control values by 28 d and to less than 9% by 300 d. In the septal region ipsilateral to such lesions, NGF protein levels measured by ELISA fell significantly, to about 35% of control values, but the number of immunohistochemically detected cholinergic neurons did not decline significantly for up to 500 d. Instead, the cholinergic neurons persisted in an atrophied state, exhibiting severe shrinkage and reduced staining for the transmitter-synthesizing enzyme ChAT. The parameters of cell size and ChAT staining intensity correlated significantly with the amount of hippocampal tissue present. These findings indicate that in adult rats, target-derived NGF, BDNF, and NT3 do not regulate the survival of septal cholinergic neurons in proportion to the number of target neurons present. Moreover, the findings suggest that one or more of these target- derived neurotrophins regulate the structural and chemical phenotype of these neurons in the adult

A Heuristic for Symmetry Reductions with Scalarsets

We present four versions of a new heuristic for coping with the problem of finding (canonical) representatives of symmetry equivalence classes (the so-called orbit problem), in symmetry techniques for model checking. The practical implementation of such techniques hinges on appropriate workarounds of this hard problem, which is equivalent to graph isomorphism. We implemented the four strategies on top of the Spin model checker, and compared their performance on several examples, with encouraging results

A nested depth first search algorithm for model checking with symmetry reduction

We present an algorithm for the verification of properties of distributed systems, represented as Büchi automata, which exploits symmetry reduction. The algorithm is developed in the more general context of bisimulation preserving reductions along the lines of Emerson, Jha and Peled. Our algorithm is a modification of the nested depth first search (NDFS) algorithm by Courcoubetis, Yannakakis, Vardi and Wolper. As such, it has the standard advantages (memory and time efficiency) that NDFS shows over the state space exploration algorithms based on maximal strongly connected components in the state space graph. In addition, a nice feature of the presented algorithm is that it works also with multiple (non-canonical) representatives for the symmetry equivalence classes. Also, instead of an abstract counter-example, our algorithm is capable of reproducing a counter-example which exists in the original unreduced state space, which is an important feature for debugging