139 research outputs found
The dynamics of quantum phases in a spinor condensate
We discuss the quantum phases and their diffusion dynamics in a spinor-1
atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. For ferromagnetic interactions, we obtain the
exact ground state distribution of the phases associated with the total atom
number (), the total magnetization (), and the alignment (or
hypercharge) () of the system. The mean field ground state is stable against
fluctuations of atom numbers in each of the spin components, and the phases
associated with the order parameter for each spin components diffuse while
dynamically recover the two broken continuous symmetries [U(1) and SO(2)] when
and are conserved as in current experiments. We discuss the
implications to the quantum dynamics due to an external (homogeneous) magnetic
field. We also comment on the case of a spinor-1 condensate with
anti-ferromagnetic interactions.Comment: 5 figures, an extended version of cond-mat/030117
Quantifying similarity in animal vocal sequences: Which metric performs best?
1. Many animals communicate using sequences of discrete acoustic elements which can be complex, vary in their degree of stereotypy, and are potentially open-ended. Variation in sequences can provide important ecological, behavioural, or evolutionary information about the structure and connectivity of populations, mechanisms for vocal cultural evolution, and the underlying drivers responsible for these processes. Various mathematical techniques have been used to form a realistic approximation of sequence similarity for such tasks.
2. Here, we use both simulated and empirical datasets from animal vocal sequences (rock hyrax, Procavia capensis; humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus; and Carolina chickadee, Poecile carolinensis) to test which of eight sequence analysis metrics are more likely to reconstruct the information encoded in the sequences, and to test the fidelity of estimation of model parameters, when the sequences are assumed to conform to particular statistical models.
3. Results from the simulated data indicated that multiple metrics were equally successful in reconstructing the information encoded in the sequences of simulated individuals (Markov chains, n-gram models, repeat distribution, and edit distance), and data generated by different stochastic processes (entropy rate and n-grams). However, the string edit (Levenshtein) distance performed consistently and significantly better than all other tested metrics (including entropy, Markov chains, n-grams, mutual information) for all empirical datasets, despite being less commonly used in the field of animal acoustic communication.
4. The Levenshtein distance metric provides a robust analytical approach that should be considered in the comparison of animal acoustic sequences in preference to other commonly employed techniques (such as Markov chains, hidden Markov models, or Shannon entropy). The recent discovery that non-Markovian vocal sequences may be more common in animal communication than previously thought, provides a rich area for future research that requires non-Markovian based analysis techniques to investigate animal grammars and potentially the origin of human language.We thank Melinda Rekdahl, Todd Freeberg and his graduate students, Amiyaal Ilany, Elizabeth Hobson, and Jessica Crance for providing comments of on a previous version of this manuscript. We thank Mike Noad, Melinda Rekdahl, and Claire Garrigue for assistance with humpback whale song collection and initial categorisation of the song, Vincent Janik and Laela Sayigh for assistance with signature whistle collection, Todd Freeberg with chickadee recordings, and Eli Geffen and Amiyaal Ilany for assistance with hyrax song collection and analysis. E.C.G is supported by a Newton International Fellowship. Part of this work was conducted while E.C.G. was supported by a National Research Council (National Academy of Sciences) Postdoctoral Fellowship at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC, NMFS, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. We would also like to thank Randall Wells and the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program for the opportunity to record the Sarasota dolphins, where data were collected under a series of National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permits issued to Randall Wells. A.K. is supported by the Herchel Smith Postdoctoral Fellowship Fund. Part of this work was conducted while A.K. was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, an Institute sponsored by the National Science Foundation through NSF Award #DBI-1300426, with additional support from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.1243
On the single mode approximation in spinor-1 atomic condensate
We investigate the validity conditions of the single mode approximation (SMA)
in spinor-1 atomic condensate when effects due to residual magnetic fields are
negligible. For atomic interactions of the ferromagnetic type, the SMA is shown
to be exact, with a mode function different from what is commonly used.
However, the quantitative deviation is small under current experimental
conditions (for Rb atoms). For anti-ferromagnetic interactions, we find
that the SMA becomes invalid in general. The differences among the mean field
mode functions for the three spin components are shown to depend strongly on
the system magnetization. Our results can be important for studies of beyond
mean field quantum correlations, such as fragmentation, spin squeezing, and
multi-partite entanglement.Comment: Revised, newly found analytic proof adde
Coherent dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in high-finesse optical cavities
We study the mutual interaction of a Bose-Einstein condensed gas with a
single mode of a high-finesse optical cavity. We show how the cavity
transmission reflects condensate properties and calculate the self-consistent
intra-cavity light field and condensate evolution. Solving the coupled
condensate-cavity equations we find that while falling through the cavity, the
condensate is adiabatically transfered into the ground state of the periodic
optical potential. This allows time dependent non-destructive measurements on
Bose-Einstein condensates with intriguing prospects for subsequent controlled
manipulation.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; revised version: added reference
Quantum coherent control of highly multipartite continuous-variable entangled states by tailoring parametric interactions
The generation of continuous-variable multipartite entangled states is
important for several protocols of quantum information processing and
communication, such as one-way quantum computation or controlled dense coding.
In this article we theoretically show that multimode optical parametric
oscillators can produce a great variety of such states by an appropriate
control of the parametric interaction, what we accomplish by tailoring either
the spatio-temporal shape of the pump, or the geometry of the nonlinear medium.
Specific examples involving currently available optical parametric oscillators
are given, hence showing that our ideas are within reach of present technology.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
An overview of jets and outflows in stellar mass black holes
In this book chapter, we will briefly review the current empirical
understanding of the relation between accretion state and and outflows in
accreting stellar mass black holes. The focus will be on the empirical
connections between X-ray states and relativistic (`radio') jets, although we
are now also able to draw accretion disc winds into the picture in a systematic
way. We will furthermore consider the latest attempts to measure/order jet
power, and to compare it to other (potentially) measurable quantities, most
importantly black hole spin.Comment: Accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews. Also to appear in
the Space Sciences Series of ISSI - The Physics of Accretion on to Black
Holes (Springer Publisher
Establishment of a sentinel surveillance network for sexually transmissible infections and blood borne viruses in Aboriginal primary care services across Australia: The ATLAS project
Background Sexually transmissible infection (STI) and blood-borne virus (BBV) diagnoses data are a core component of the Australian National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). However, the NNDSS data alone is not enough to understand STI and BBV burden among priority population groups, like Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, because it lacks testing, treatment and management data. Here, we describe the processes involved in establishing a STI and BBV sentinel surveillance network representative of Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Services (ACCHS)—known as the ATLAS network—to augment the NNDSS and to help us understand the burden of disease due to STI and BBV among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Methods Researchers invited participation from ACCHS in urban, regional and remote areas clustered in five clinical hubs across four Australian jurisdictions. Participation agreements were developed for each clinical hub and individual ACCHS. Deidentified electronic medical record (EMR) data relating to STI and BBV testing, treatment and management are collected passively from each ACCHS via the GRHANITEtm data extraction tool. These data are analysed centrally to inform 12 performance measures which are included in regular surveillance reports generated for each ACCHS and clinical hub. Results The ATLAS network currently includes 29 ACCHS. Regular reports are provided to ACCHS to assess clinical practice and drive continuous quality improvement initiatives internally. Data is also aggregated at the hub, jurisdictional and national level and will be used to inform clinical guidelines and to guide future research questions. The ATLAS infrastructure can be expanded to include other health services and potentially linked to other data sources using GRHANITE. Conclusions The ATLAS network is an established national surveillance network specific to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The data collected through the ATLAS network augments the NNDSS and will contribute to improved STI and BBV clinical care, guidelines and policy program-planning.Clare Bradley, Belinda Hengel, Katy Crawford, Salenna Elliott, Basil Donovan, Donna B. Mak ... et al
Bose-Einstein condensates in atomic gases: simple theoretical results
These notes present simple theoretical approaches to study Bose-Einstein
condensation in trapped atomic gases and their comparison to recent
experimental results : - the ideal Bose gas model - Fermi pseudopotential to
model the atomic interaction potential - finite temperature Hartree-Fock
approximation - Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the condensate wavefunction -
what we learn from a linearization of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation -
Bogoliubov approach and thermodynamical stability - phase coherence properties
of Bose-Einstein condensates - symmetry breaking description of condensatesComment: 146 pages, 17 figures, Lecture Notes of Les Houches Summer School
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