Light-induced control of the spin distribution on Cu–dithiolene complexes: A correlated ab initio study

Metal dithiolene complexes—M(dmit)2—are key building blocks for magnetic, conducting, and optical molecular materials, with singular electronic structures resulting from the mixing of the metal and dmit ligand orbitals. Their use in the design of magnetic and conducting materials is linked to the control of the unpaired electrons and their localized/delocalized nature. It has been recently found that UV–Vis light can control the spin distribution of some [Cu(dmit)2]−2 salts in a direct and reversible way. In this work, we study the optical response of these salts and the origin of the differences observed in the EPR spectra under UV–Vis irradiation by means of wave function-based quantum chemistry methods. The low-lying states of the complex have been characterized and the electronic transitions with a non-negligible oscillator strength have been identified. The population of the corresponding excited states promoted by the UV–Vis absorption produces significant changes in the spin distribution, and could explain the changes observed in the system upon illumination. The interaction between neighbor [Cu(dmit)2]−2 complexes is weakly ferromagnetic, consistent with the relative orientation of the magnetic orbitals and the crystal packing, but in disagreement with previous assignments. Our results put in evidence the complex electronic structure of the [Cu(dmit)2]−2 radical and the relevance of a multideterminantal approach for an adequate analysis of their properties. © 2019 by the authors.Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, COLCIENCIAS: 1411712-51515, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras: CTQ-2015-69019-

Spin Excitations in La2CuO4: Consistent Description by Inclusion of Ring-Exchange

We consider the square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet with plaquette ring exchange and a finite interlayer coupling leading to a consistent description of the spin-wave excitation spectrum in La2CuO4. The values of the in-plane exchange parameters, including ring-exchange J_{\Box}, are obtained consistently by an accurate fit to the experimentally observed in-plane spin-wave dispersion, while the out-of-plane exchange interaction is found from the temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization at low temperatures. The fitted exchange interactions J=151.9 meV and J_{\Box}=0.24 J give values for the spin stiffness and the Neel temperature in excellent agreement with the experimental data.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, RevTe

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km <sup>2</sup> resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km <sup>2</sup> pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

The role of macrocyclic ligands in the peroxo/superoxo nature of Ni-O2 biomimetic complexes

10.1002/jcc.22965The impact of the macrocyclic ligand on the electronic structure of two LNi[BOND]O2 biomimetic adducts, [Ni(12-TMC)O2]+ (12-TMC = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) and [Ni(14-TMC)O2]+ (14-TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), has been inspected by means of difference-dedicated configuration interaction calculations and a valence bond reading of the wavefunction. The system containing the 12-membered macrocyclic ligand has been experimentally described as a side-on nickel(III)-peroxo complex, whereas the 14-membered one has been characterized as an end-on nickel(II)-superoxide. Our results put in evidence the relationship between the steric effect of the macrocyclic ligand, the O2 coordination mode and the charge transfer extent between the Ni center and the O2 molecule. The 12-membered macrocyclic ligand favors a side-on coordination, a most efficient overlap between Ni 3d and O2 p* orbitals and, consequently, a larger charge transfer from LNi fragment to O2 molecule. The analysis of the ground-state electronic structure shows an enhancement of the peroxide nature of the Ni[BOND]O2 interaction for [Ni(12-TMC)O2]+, although a dominant superoxide character is found for both systems

Improving the calculation of magnetic coupling constants in MRPT methods

10.1002/jcc.23672The magnetic coupling in transition metal compounds with more than one unpaired electron per magnetic center has been studied with multiconfigurational perturbation theory. The usual shortcomings of these methodologies (severe underestimation of the magnetic coupling) have been overcome by describing the Slater determinants with a set of molecular orbitals that maximally resemble the natural orbitals of a high-level multiconfigurational reference configuration interaction calculation. These orbitals have significant delocalization tails onto the bridging ligands and largely increase the coupling strengths in the perturbative calculation

On the Reaction Mechanism of the Complete Intermolecular O2 Transfer between Mononuclear Nickel and Manganese Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands

10.1002/chem.201403233The recently described intermolecular O2 transfer between the side-on Ni-O2 complex [(12-TMC)Ni-O2]+ and the manganese complex [(14-TMC)Mn]2+, where 12-TMC and 14-TMC are 12- and 14-membered macrocyclic ligands, 12-TMC=1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 14-TMC=1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, is studied by means of DFT methods. B3LYP calculations including long-range corrections and solvent effects are performed to elucidate the mechanism. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) compatible with different electronic states of the reactants have been analyzed. The calculations confirm a two-step reaction, with a first rate-determining bimolecular step and predict the exothermic character of the global process. The relative stability of the products and the reverse barrier are in line with the fact that no reverse reaction is experimentally observed. An intermediate with a µ-?1:?1-O2 coordination and two transition states are identified on the triplet PES, slightly below the corresponding stationary points of the quintet PES, suggesting an intersystem crossing before the first transition state. The calculated activation parameters and the relative energies of the two transition sates and the products are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The calculations suggest that a superoxide anion is transferred during the reaction

Magnetic Interactions in Molecules and Highly Correlated Materials: Physical Content, Analytical Derivation, and Rigorous Extraction of Magnetic Hamiltonians

10.1021/cr300500