1,075 research outputs found
Multiple Roles of Component Proteins in Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenases: Phenol Hydroxylase and Toluene/o-Xylene Monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. OX1.
Phenol hydroxylase (PH) and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) from Pseudomonas sp. OX1 require three or four protein components to activate dioxygen for the oxidation of aromatic substrates at a carboxylate-bridged diiron center. In this study, we investigated the influence of the hydroxylases, regulatory proteins, and electron-transfer components of these systems on substrate (phenol; NADH) consumption and product (catechol; H(2)O(2)) generation. Single-turnover experiments revealed that only complete systems containing all three or four protein components are capable of oxidizing phenol, a major substrate for both enzymes. Under ideal conditions, the hydroxylated product yield was ∼50% of the diiron centers for both systems, suggesting that these enzymes operate by half-sites reactivity mechanisms. Single-turnover studies indicated that the PH and ToMO electron-transfer components exert regulatory effects on substrate oxidation processes taking place at the hydroxylase actives sites, most likely through allostery. Steady state NADH consumption assays showed that the regulatory proteins facilitate the electron-transfer step in the hydrocarbon oxidation cycle in the absence of phenol. Under these conditions, electron consumption is coupled to H(2)O(2) formation in a hydroxylase-dependent manner. Mechanistic implications of these results are discussed
Glueball production in radiative J/psi, Upsilon decays
Using a bound-state model of weakly bound gluons for glueballs made of two
gluons and a natural generalization of the perturbative QCD formalism for
exclusive hadronic processes, we present results for glueball production in
radiative J/psi, Upsilon decays into several possible glueball states,
including L \not= 0 ones. We perform a detailed phenomenological analysis,
presenting results for the more favored experimental candidates and for decay
angular distributions.Comment: RevTeX4, 26 pages, 11 eps figure
How spiking neurons give rise to a temporal-feature map
A temporal-feature map is a topographic neuronal representation of temporal attributes of phenomena or objects that occur in the outside world. We explain the evolution of such maps by means of a spike-based Hebbian learning rule in conjunction with a presynaptically unspecific contribution in that, if a synapse changes, then all other synapses connected to the same axon change by a small fraction as well. The learning equation is solved for the case of an array of Poisson neurons. We discuss the evolution of a temporal-feature map and the synchronization of the single cells’ synaptic structures, in dependence upon the strength of presynaptic unspecific learning. We also give an upper bound for the magnitude of the presynaptic interaction by estimating its impact on the noise level of synaptic growth. Finally, we compare the results with those obtained from a learning equation for nonlinear neurons and show that synaptic structure formation may profit
from the nonlinearity
Analysis of the intraspinal calcium dynamics and its implications on the plasticity of spiking neurons
The influx of calcium ions into the dendritic spines through the
N-metyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) channels is believed to be the primary trigger for
various forms of synaptic plasticity. In this paper, the authors calculate
analytically the mean values of the calcium transients elicited by a spiking
neuron undergoing a simple model of ionic currents and back-propagating action
potentials. The relative variability of these transients, due to the stochastic
nature of synaptic transmission, is further considered using a simple Markov
model of NMDA receptos. One finds that both the mean value and the variability
depend on the timing between pre- and postsynaptic action-potentials. These
results could have implications on the expected form of synaptic-plasticity
curve and can form a basis for a unified theory of spike time-dependent, and
rate based plasticity.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. A few changes in section IV and addition of a
new figur
Signal and System Approximation from General Measurements
In this paper we analyze the behavior of system approximation processes for
stable linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and signals in the Paley-Wiener
space PW_\pi^1. We consider approximation processes, where the input signal is
not directly used to generate the system output, but instead a sequence of
numbers is used that is generated from the input signal by measurement
functionals. We consider classical sampling which corresponds to a pointwise
evaluation of the signal, as well as several more general measurement
functionals. We show that a stable system approximation is not possible for
pointwise sampling, because there exist signals and systems such that the
approximation process diverges. This remains true even with oversampling.
However, if more general measurement functionals are considered, a stable
approximation is possible if oversampling is used. Further, we show that
without oversampling we have divergence for a large class of practically
relevant measurement procedures.Comment: This paper will be published as part of the book "New Perspectives on
Approximation and Sampling Theory - Festschrift in honor of Paul Butzer's
85th birthday" in the Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis Series,
Birkhauser (Springer-Verlag). Parts of this work have been presented at the
IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
2014 (ICASSP 2014
Observed Effect of Magnetic Fields on the Propagation of Magnetoacoustic Waves in the Lower Solar Atmosphere
We study Hinode/SOT-FG observations of intensity fluctuations in Ca II H-line
and G-band image sequences and their relation to simultaneous and co-spatial
magnetic field measurements. We explore the G-band and H-line intensity
oscillation spectra both separately and comparatively via their relative phase
differences, time delays and cross-coherences. In the non-magnetic situations,
both sets of fluctuations show strong oscillatory power in the 3 - 7 mHz band
centered at 4.5 mHz, but this is suppressed as magnetic field increases. A
relative phase analysis gives a time delay of H-line after G-band of 20\pm1 s
in non-magnetic situations implying a mean effective height difference of 140
km. The maximum coherence is at 4 - 7 mHz. Under strong magnetic influence the
measured delay time shrinks to 11 s with the peak coherence near 4 mHz. A
second coherence maximum appears between 7.5 - 10 mHz. Investigation of the
locations of this doubled-frequency coherence locates it in diffuse rings
outside photospheric magnetic structures. Some possible interpretations of
these results are offered.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Full counting statistics of information content
We review connections between the cumulant generating function of full
counting statistics of particle number and the R\'enyi entanglement entropy. We
calculate these quantities based on the fermionic and bosonic path-integral
defined on multiple Keldysh contours. We relate the R\'enyi entropy with the
information generating function, from which the probability distribution
function of self-information is obtained in the nonequilibrium steady state. By
exploiting the distribution, we analyze the information content carried by a
single bosonic particle through a narrow-band quantum communication channel.
The ratio of the self-information content to the number of bosons fluctuates.
For a small boson occupation number, the average and the fluctuation of the
ratio are enhanced.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
Relic Neutrino Absorption Spectroscopy
Resonant annihilation of extremely high-energy cosmic neutrinos on big-bang
relic anti-neutrinos (and vice versa) into Z-bosons leads to sizable absorption
dips in the neutrino flux to be observed at Earth. The high-energy edges of
these dips are fixed, via the resonance energies, by the neutrino masses alone.
Their depths are determined by the cosmic neutrino background density, by the
cosmological parameters determining the expansion rate of the universe, and by
the large redshift history of the cosmic neutrino sources. We investigate the
possibility of determining the existence of the cosmic neutrino background
within the next decade from a measurement of these absorption dips in the
neutrino flux. As a by-product, we study the prospects to infer the absolute
neutrino mass scale. We find that, with the presently planned neutrino
detectors (ANITA, Auger, EUSO, OWL, RICE, and SalSA) operating in the relevant
energy regime above 10^{21} eV, relic neutrino absorption spectroscopy becomes
a realistic possibility. It requires, however, the existence of extremely
powerful neutrino sources, which should be opaque to nucleons and high-energy
photons to evade present constraints. Furthermore, the neutrino mass spectrum
must be quasi-degenerate to optimize the dip, which implies m_{nu} >~ 0.1 eV
for the lightest neutrino. With a second generation of neutrino detectors,
these demanding requirements can be relaxed considerably.Comment: 19 pages, 26 figures, REVTeX
Excited Heavy Baryon Spectrum in Large N_c Heavy Quark Effective Theory
L=1 excited heavy baryon masses are analyzed by heavy quark and large N_c
expansions. In heavy quark limit, mass is parameterized by \Lambda-bar and it
is expanded further by spin-flavor breaking operators to the zeroth order of
1/N_c. Expanding coefficients will be fixed by more data on the excited baryons
in the near future.Comment: 13 pages, revtex, one figure, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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