Magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy in Co network nanostructures

The magnetization reversal and magnetic anisotropy in Co network structures have been studied using magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). An enhancement of the coercivity is observed in the network structures and is attributed to the pinning of domain walls by the hole edges in the vicinity of which the demagnetizing field spatially varies. We find that the magnetization reversal process is dominated by the intrinsic unaxial anisotropy (2K(u)/M(s)approximate to 200 Oe) in spite of the shape anisotropy induced by the hole edges. The influence of the cross-junction on the competition between the intrinsic uniaxial anisotropy and the induced shape anisotropy is discussed using micromagnetic simulations

Repulsion and attraction in high Tc superconductors

The influence of repulsion and attraction in high-Tc superconductors to the gap functions is studied. A systematic method is proposed to compute the gap functions using the irreducible representations of the point group. It is found that a pure s-wave superconductivity exists only at very low temperatures, and attractive potentials on the near shells significantly expand the gap functions and increase significantly the critical temperature of superconductivity. A strong on-site repulsion drives the $A_{1g}$ gap into a $B_{1g}$ gap. It is expected that superconductivity with the $A_{1g}$ symmetry reaches a high critical temperature due to the cooperation of the on-site and the next-nearest neighbor attractions.Comment: 4 pages, 5figure

Upper bound limit analysis of soils with a non-linear failure criterion

Limit analysis is a widely used technique for the analysis of geotechnical collapse states and there exists a significant body of literature covering its application to soils with a linear failure criterion. However, such a failure criterion is often an idealisation of an actual non-linear response for which available analytical techniques are limited. This paper presents a new fully general solution procedure for generating upper bound multi-wedge rigid block mechanisms for a soil with a non-linear failure criterion, utilising a curved interface that obeys the non-linear yield function flow rule along its full length. This work extends the long established kinematic sliding wedge approach for linear soils and is illustrated through application to active and passive retaining wall and anchor/trapdoor problems. Through additional consideration of the lower bound solution, close bounds on the retaining wall problem to within ~1% are established. The ability of the non-linear upper bound solution to predict the shear and normal stress at every point along the failure surface is discussed

Knuth-Bendix algorithm and the conjugacy problems in monoids

We present an algorithmic approach to the conjugacy problems in monoids, using rewriting systems. We extend the classical theory of rewriting developed by Knuth and Bendix to a rewriting that takes into account the cyclic conjugates.Comment: This is a new version of the paper 'The conjugacy problems in monoids and semigroups'. This version will appear in the journal 'Semigroup forum

XFEM Simulation of Pore-Induced Fracture of a Heterogeneous Concrete Beam in Three-Point Bending

The extended finite element method with the linear softening law is employed to simulate poreinduced crack initiation and propagation in heterogeneous plain concrete beams in three-point bending. A series of numerical simulations was performed and experimentally validated. The crack was found to always initiate at the beam bottom in the point nearest to the pore, propagating through it. When the pore has a larger offset from the beam midspan, the beam displays higher fracture resistance and energy dissipation spent for fracture. With an increase in a distance from the beam bottom, the ultimate load also increases, but the energy dissipation slightly varies. The pore sizes have a little effect on the fracture resistance of the concrete beam.Моделирование вызванных пористостью зарождения и распространения трещины в бетонных балках неоднородной структуры при трехточечном изгибе выполнено с помощью расширенного метода конечных элементов и закона линейного разупрочнения. Проведен ряд операций численного моделирования, проверенных экспериментально. Установлено, что трещина всегда зарождается на нижней грани балки в точке, ближайшей к поре, прорастая сквозь нее. Если пора в большей степени смещена относительно среднего пролета балки, последняя проявляет более высокое сопротивление разрушению и диссипацию энергии, затрачиваемой на разрушение. По мере увеличения расстояния от поры до нижней грани балки допустимая нагрузка также возрастает, а диссипация энергии несколько изменяется. Показано, что размеры пор оказывают незначительное влияние на сопротивление бетонной балки разрушению

Effect of Interband Transitions on the c axis Penetration Depth of Layered Superconductors

The electromagnetic response of a system with two planes per unit cell involves, in addition to the usual intraband contribution, an added interband term. These transitions affect the temperature dependence and the magnitude of the zero temperature c-axis penetration depth. When the interplane hopping is sufficiently small, the interband transitions dominate the low temperature behaviour of the penetration depth which then does not reflect the linear temperature dependence of the intraband term and in comparison becomes quite flat even for a d-wave gap. It is in this regime that the pseudogap was found in our previous normal state calculations of the c-axis conductivity, and the effects are connected.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

A Pair of Disjoint 3-GDDs of type g^t u^1

Pairwise disjoint 3-GDDs can be used to construct some optimal constant-weight codes. We study the existence of a pair of disjoint 3-GDDs of type $g^t u^1$ and establish that its necessary conditions are also sufficient.Comment: Designs, Codes and Cryptography (to appear

Weak force detection using a double Bose-Einstein condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate may be used to make precise measurements of weak forces, utilizing the macroscopic occupation of a single quantum state. We present a scheme which uses a condensate in a double well potential to do this. The required initial state of the condensate is discussed, and the limitations on the sensitivity due to atom collisions and external coupling are analyzed.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, Eq.(41) has been correcte

An improved geometric inequality via vanishing moments, with applications to singular Liouville equations

We consider a class of singular Liouville equations on compact surfaces motivated by the study of Electroweak and Self-Dual Chern-Simons theories, the Gaussian curvature prescription with conical singularities and Onsager's description of turbulence. We analyse the problem of existence variationally, and show how the angular distribution of the conformal volume near the singularities may lead to improvements in the Moser-Trudinger inequality, and in turn to lower bounds on the Euler-Lagrange functional. We then discuss existence and non-existence results.Comment: some references adde

New improved Moser-Trudinger inequalities and singular Liouville equations on compact surfaces

We consider a singular Liouville equation on a compact surface, arising from the study of Chern-Simons vortices in a self dual regime. Using new improved versions of the Moser-Trudinger inequalities (whose main feature is to be scaling invariant) and a variational scheme, we prove new existence results.Comment: to appear in GAF