Fragmentation Experiment and Model for Falling Mercury Drops

The experiment consists of counting and measuring the size of the many fragments observed after the fall of a mercury drop on the floor. The size distribution follows a power-law for large enough fragments. We address the question of a possible crossover to a second, different power-law for small enough fragments. Two series of experiments were performed. The first uses a traditional film photographic camera, and the picture is later treated on a computer in order to count the fragments and classify them according to their sizes. The second uses a modern digital camera. The first approach has the advantage of a better resolution for small fragment sizes. The second, although with a poorer size resolution, is more reliable concerning the counting of all fragments up to its resolution limit. Both together clearly indicate the real existence of the quoted crossover. The model treats the system microscopically during the tiny time interval when the initial drop collides with the floor. The drop is modelled by a connected cluster of Ising spins pointing up (mercury) surrounded by Ising spins pointing down (air). The Ising coupling which tends to keep the spins segregated represents the surface tension. Initially the cluster carries an extra energy equally shared among all its spins, corresponding to the coherent kinetic energy due to the fall. Each spin which touches the floor loses its extra energy transformed into a thermal, incoherent energy represented by a temperature used then to follow the dynamics through Monte Carlo simulations. Whenever a small piece becomes disconnected from the big cluster, it is considered a fragment, and counted. The results also indicate the existence of the quoted crossover in the fragment-size distribution.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Liver Transplantation For Budd-chiari Syndrome [transplante De Fígado Na Síndrome De Budd-chiari]

A case of acute Budd-Chiari syndrome in a 21-year-old man is reported. The transplanted liver was from a patient with the same blood. No veno-venous bypass was necessary during operation. The patient presented two major complications after liver transplantation: a) stenosis of the anastomosis of the supra hepatic inferior cava vein, treated with percutaneous angioplasty; b) biliary leak, treated with sphincterotomy. The patient is assymptomatic thirty one month after transplantation.531010541060Berenhauser-Leite, G., Souza, V., Boni, I.F.S.F., Leonardi, L.S., Percutaneous angioplasty in orthotopic liver transplantation (1995) European IHPBA Congress, pp. 807-808. , Papastamatiou, L. ed. Monduzzi, BolognaLeonardi, L.S., Callejas-Neto, F., Berenhauser-Leite, G., Boin, I.F.S.F., Endoscopy sphincterotomy in patients with biliary leak after orthotoptc liver transplantation (1995) European IHPBA Congress, pp. 269-272. , Papastamatiou, L. ed. Monduzzi, BolognaLeonardi, L.S., Berenhauser-Leite, G., Boin, I.F., Santos, M.C., Udo, E.Y., Avaliação psicossocial de um grupo de doentes submetidos a transplante hepático (1994) Resumo dos Trabalhos Científicos da I Semana Brasileira do Aparelho Digestivo, p. 148. , Porto AlegreShill, M., Henderson, J.M., Tavill, A.S., The Budd-Chiari syndrome revised (1994) Gastroenterologist, 2, pp. 27-38Sanchez-Bueno, F., Parrilha, P., Ramirez, P., Robles, R., Pons, J.A., Acosta, F., Nuñez, R., Sanchez-Ortega, J.L., Transplante ortotópico de higado en el síndrome de Budd-Chiari. Presentación de un caso (1992) Rev. Esp. Enf. Digest, 81, pp. 52-56Rodes, J., Prieto, J., Rapado, A., Dotor abdominal y ascitis (1995) Gastroenterología y Hepatología, pp. 169-173. , Panéz, J. ed. Masson-Salvat, BarcelonaHalft, G., Todo, S., Tzakis, A., Gordon, R., Starzl, T.E., Liver transplantation for the Budd-Chiari Syndrome (1990) Ann. Surg., 211, pp. 43-49Berenhauser-Leite, G., Complicações da cirrose hepática (1995) Ped. Mod., 31, pp. 366-374Kane, R., Eustace, S., Diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome: Comparison between sonography and MR angiography (1995) Radiology, 195, pp. 117-121Berenhauser-Leite, G., Anatomia cirúrgica do fígado (1995) Arq. Cat. Med., 24, pp. 33-37Mahmoud, A.E.A., Gakis, D., Oliffe, S., West, R., Buckels, J., Elias, E., Mesocaval shunt versus radiological intervention in the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome (1995) HPBSE, 9 S, p. 63Baulieux, J., De La Roche, E., Genin, G., Ducerf, C., Pignal, C., Petipas, E., Adham, M., Pouyet, M., Interest of transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt before orthotopic liver transplantation (1995) HPBSE, 9 S, p. 117Rogopoulos, A., Gavelli, A., Sakai, H., McNamara, M., Huguet, C., Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for Budd-Chiari syndrome after failure of surgical shunting (1995) Arch. Surg., 130, pp. 227-228Jamieson, N.V., Williams, R., Calne, R.Y., Liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome, 1976-1990 (1991) Ann. Chir, 45, pp. 362-365Moreno-Gonzalez, E., Landa-Garcia, I., Calleja-Kempin, J., Gomez-Gutierrez, M., Jover-Navalon, J.M., Anas-Dtaz, J., Berenhauser-Leite, G., Comparação dos resultados do transplante hepático em duas fases de um programa (1988) Rev. Col. Bras. Cirurg., 15, p. 94Zajko, A.B., Claus, D., Clapuyt, P., Esquivel, C., Moulin, D., Starzl, T.E., Goyet, J.V.G., Otte, J.B., Obstruction to hepatic venous drainage after liver transplantation: Treatment with ballon angioplasty (1989) Radiology, 170, pp. 763-765Donovan, J., Nosurgical management of biliary tract dease after liver transplantation. Gastroenterol (1993) Clin. N. Am., 22, pp. 317-33

Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica do queijo-de-minas artesanal do Serro-MG Microbiological quality of artisanal minas cheese, manufactured in the region of Serro-MG

Avaliaram-se a qualidade microbiológica do queijo-de-minas artesanal do Serro e a variação da microbiota do queijo recém-fabricado e no último dia de validade, após estocagem sob as condições recomendadas no rótulo. Foram analisadas 40 amostras de queijo, sendo 20 analisadas frescas, imediatamente após a coleta, e 20 no último dia de validade, após estocagem em câmara fria a 10ºC. As amostras foram analisadas para coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Salmonella spp. e Listeria monocytogenes. Trinta e sete amostras (92,5%) encontraram-se impróprias para o consumo humano, de acordo com os parâmetros estabelecidos pela resolução: RDC ANVISA nº12/01, sendo a principal causa de condenação a contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Nenhuma das amostras analisadas apresentou contaminação por Salmonella sp. ou Listeria monocytogenes. As contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva dos queijos frescos foram mais altas (P<0,01) que as dos queijos analisados no último dia da validade.<br>The microbiological quality of artisanal minas cheese produced in the region of Serro-MG was evaluated. Cheeses were analyzed fresh and at the end of the shelf life, under specific storage conditions (30 days, 10ºC). Forty samples of minas cheese were analyzed, twenty still fresh, and 20 after storage at 10ºC. The microbiological analyses were counts of fecal and total coliforms, and Staphylococcus coagulase positive; and search of Salmonella sp. and Listeria monocytogenes. Twenty-seven samples (92.5%) were in disagreement with the Brazilian Standard, Resolution nº 12 of January 12, 2001, from ANVISA (National Health Surveillance Agency), and Staphylococcus coagulase positive was the major contaminant. No sample was contaminated by Salmonella sp. or Listeria monocytogenes. During the storage, there was a decrease of countings in the population of Staphylococcus coagulase positive (P<0.01)

Qualidade da castanha-do-brasil do comércio de Rio Branco, Acre Quality of Brazil nuts marketed in Rio Branco, Acre

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de castanhas-do-brasil beneficiadas e comercializadas em Rio Branco, Acre. Foram analisadas amostras das três marcas de castanha encontradas no mercado local quanto às variáveis: atividade de água, teor de umidade, contagem total de fungos filamentosos, quantificação de Aspergillus flavus e de A. parasiticus, bem como quantificação de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2. As castanhas do comércio se encontravam com um teor de umidade e atividade de água adequados, o que pode ter sido responsável pela baixa contaminação por fungos e por aflatoxinas. Quanto a estas micotoxinas, as amostras estão de acordo com o recomendado pela Anvisa, podendo ser esta uma consequência da grande divulgação no Estado do uso de Boas Práticas no manejo da castanha.<br>The goal of this paper was to evaluate the quality of Brazil nuts processed and marketed in the city of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre (Brazil). We analysed three samples for water activity, moisture content, total fungus quantification of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, as well as quantification of total aflatoxin, Afla B1, Afla B2, Afla G1 and Afla G2. The nut samples from the market showed an appropriate moisture content and water activity, which may have been responsible for the low fungus contamination and aflatoxin production. As to these mycotoxins, the samples were consistent with Anvisa's recommendations, which may be a consequence of good management of the nuts in Acre

Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Chaetopsina eucalypti on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Colletotrichum cobbittiense from Cordyline stricta × C. australis hybrid, Cyanodermella banksiae on Banksia ericifolia subsp. macrantha, Discosia macrozamiae on Macrozamia miquelii, Elsinoë banksiigena on Banksia marginata, Elsinoë elaeocarpi on Elaeocarpus sp., Elsinoë leucopogonis on Leucopogon sp., Helminthosporium livistonae on Livistona australis, Idriellomyces eucalypti (incl. Idriellomyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus obliqua, Lareunionomyces eucalypti on Eucalyptus sp., Myrotheciomyces corymbiae (incl. Myrotheciomyces gen. nov., Myrotheciomycetaceae fam. nov.), Neolauriomyces eucalypti (incl. Neolauriomyces gen. nov., Neolauriomycetaceae fam. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Nullicamyces eucalypti (incl. Nullicamyces gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus leaf litter, Oidiodendron eucalypti on Eucalyptus maidenii, Paracladophialophora cyperacearum (incl. Paracladophialophoraceae fam. nov.) and Periconia cyperacearum on leaves of Cyperaceae, Porodiplodia livistonae (incl. Porodiplodia gen. nov., Porodiplodiaceae fam. nov.) on Livistona australis, Sporidesmium melaleucae (incl. Sporidesmiales ord. nov.) on Melaleuca sp., Teratosphaeria sieberi on Eucalyptus sieberi, Thecaphora australiensis in capsules of a variant of Oxalis exilis. Brazil, Aspergillus serratalhadensis from soil, Diaporthe pseudoinconspicua from Poincianella pyramidalis, Fomitiporella pertenuis on dead wood, Geastrum magnosporum on soil, Marquesius aquaticus (incl. Marquesius gen. nov.) from submerged decaying twig and leaves of unidentified plant, Mastigosporella pigmentata from leaves of Qualea parviflorae, Mucor souzae from soil, Mycocalia aquaphila on decaying wood from tidal detritus, Preussia citrullina as endophyte from leaves of Citrullus lanatus, Queiroziella brasiliensis (incl. Queiroziella gen. nov.) as epiphytic yeast on leaves of Portea leptantha, Quixadomyces cearensis (incl. Quixadomyces gen. nov.) on decaying bark, Xylophallus clavatus on rotten wood. Canada, Didymella cari on Carum carvi and Coriandrum sativum. Chile, Araucasphaeria foliorum (incl. Araucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Araucaria araucana, Aspergillus tumidus from soil, Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil. Colombia, Corynespora pseudocassiicola on Byrsonima sp., Eucalyptostroma eucalyptorum on Eucalyptus pellita, Neometulocladosporiella eucalypti (incl. Neometulocladosporiella gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla, Tracylla eucalypti (incl. Tracyllaceae fam. nov., Tracyllalales ord. nov.) on Eucalyptus urophylla. Cyprus, Gyromitra anthracobia (incl. Gyromitra subg. Pseudoverpa) on burned soil. Czech Republic, Lecanicillium restrictum from the surface of the wooden barrel, Lecanicillium testudineum from scales of Trachemys scripta elegans. Ecuador, Entoloma yanacolor and Saproamanita quitensis on soil. France, Lentithecium carbonneanum from submerged decorticated Populus branch. Hungary, Pleuromyces hungaricus (incl. Pleuromyces gen. nov.) from a large Fagus sylvatica log. Iran, Zymoseptoria crescenta on Aegilops triuncialis. Malaysia, Ochroconis musicola on Musa sp. Mexico, Cladosporium michoacanense from soil. New Zealand , Acrodontium metrosideri on Metrosideros excelsa, Polynema podocarpi on Podocarpus totara, Pseudoarthrographis phlogis (incl. Pseudoarthrographis gen. nov.) on Phlox subulata. Nigeria, Coprinopsis afrocinerea on soil. Pakistan, Russula mansehraensis on soil under Pinus roxburghii. Russia, Baorangia alexandri on soil in deciduous forests with Quercus mongolica. South Africa, Didymocyrtis brachylaenae on Brachylaena discolor. Spain, Alfaria dactylis from fruit of Phoenix dactylifera, Dothiora infuscans from a blackened wall, Exophiala nidicola from the nest of an unidentified bird, Matsushimaea monilioides from soil, Terfezia morenoi on soil. United Arab Emirates, Tirmania honrubiae on soil. USA, Arxotrichum wyomingense (incl. Arxotrichum gen. nov.) from soil, Hongkongmyces snookiorum from submerged detritus from a fresh water fen, Leratiomyces tesquorum from soil, Talaromyces tabacinus on leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. Vietnam, Afroboletus vietnamensis on soil in an evergreen tropical forest, Colletotrichum condaoense from Ipomoea pes-caprae. Morphological and culture characteristics along with DNA barcodes are provided

Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH