2,536 research outputs found
Entangling spins by measuring charge: a parity-gate toolbox
The parity gate emerged recently as a promising resource for performing
universal quantum computation with fermions using only linear interactions.
Here we analyse the parity gate (P-gate) from a theoretical point of view in
the context of quantum networks. We present several schemes for entanglement
generation with P-gates and show that native networks simplify considerably the
resources required for producing multi-qubit entanglement, like n-GHZ states.
Other applications include a Bell-state analyser and teleportation. We also
show that cluster state fusion can be performed deterministically with parity
measurements. We then extend this analysis to hybrid quantum networks
containing spin and mode qubits. Starting from an easy-to-prepare resource
(spin-mode entanglement of single electrons) we show how to produce a spin
n-GHZ state with linear elements (beam-splitters and local spin-flips) and
charge-parity detectors; this state can be used as a resource in a spin quantum
computer or as a precursor for constructing cluster states. Finally, we
construct a novel spin CZ-gate by using the mode degrees of freedom as
ancillae.Comment: updated to the published versio
Iterated Elliptic and Hypergeometric Integrals for Feynman Diagrams
We calculate 3-loop master integrals for heavy quark correlators and the
3-loop QCD corrections to the -parameter. They obey non-factorizing
differential equations of second order with more than three singularities,
which cannot be factorized in Mellin- space either. The solution of the
homogeneous equations is possible in terms of convergent close integer power
series as Gau\ss{} hypergeometric functions at rational argument. In
some cases, integrals of this type can be mapped to complete elliptic integrals
at rational argument. This class of functions appears to be the next one
arising in the calculation of more complicated Feynman integrals following the
harmonic polylogarithms, generalized polylogarithms, cyclotomic harmonic
polylogarithms, square-root valued iterated integrals, and combinations
thereof, which appear in simpler cases. The inhomogeneous solution of the
corresponding differential equations can be given in terms of iterative
integrals, where the new innermost letter itself is not an iterative integral.
A new class of iterative integrals is introduced containing letters in which
(multiple) definite integrals appear as factors. For the elliptic case, we also
derive the solution in terms of integrals over modular functions and also
modular forms, using -product and series representations implied by Jacobi's
functions and Dedekind's -function. The corresponding
representations can be traced back to polynomials out of Lambert--Eisenstein
series, having representations also as elliptic polylogarithms, a -factorial
, logarithms and polylogarithms of and their -integrals.
Due to the specific form of the physical variable for different
processes, different representations do usually appear. Numerical results are
also presented.Comment: 68 pages LATEX, 10 Figure
Magnetic charge, angular momentum and negative cosmological constant
We argue that there are no axially symmetric rotating monopole solutions for
a Yang-Mills-Higgs theory in flat spacetime background. We construct axially
symmetric Yang-Mills-Higgs solutions in the presence of a negative cosmological
constant, carrying magnetic charge and a nonvanishing electric charge.
However, these solution are also nonrotating.Comment: 17 pages, LaTeX, 7 figure
Reduction formalism for Dirac fermions on de Sitter spacetime
The reduction formulas for Dirac fermions are derived, using the exact
solutions of free Dirac equation on de Sitter spacetime. In the framework of
the perturbation theory one studies the Green functions and derive the
scatering amplitude in the first orders of perturbation theory.Comment: 12 pages, no figure
Charged-rotating black holes and black strings in higher dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory with a positive cosmological constant
We present arguments for the existence of charged, rotating black holes in
dimensions, with with a positive cosmological constant.
These solutions posses both, a regular horizon and a cosmological horizon of
spherical topology and have equal-magnitude angular momenta. They approach
asymptotically the de Sitter spacetime background. The counterpart equations
for are investigated, by assuming that the fields are independant of
the extra dimension , leading to black strings solutions. These solutions
are regular at the event horizon. The asymptotic form of the metric is not the
de Sitter form and exhibit a naked singularity at finite proper distance.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure
Iterative and Iterative-Noniterative Integral Solutions in 3-Loop Massive QCD Calculations
Various of the single scale quantities in massless and massive QCD up to
3-loop order can be expressed by iterative integrals over certain classes of
alphabets, from the harmonic polylogarithms to root-valued alphabets. Examples
are the anomalous dimensions to 3-loop order, the massless Wilson coefficients
and also different massive operator matrix elements. Starting at 3-loop order,
however, also other letters appear in the case of massive operator matrix
elements, the so called iterative non-iterative integrals, which are related to
solutions based on complete elliptic integrals or any other special function
with an integral representation that is definite but not a Volterra-type
integral. After outlining the formalism leading to iterative non-iterative
integrals,we present examples for both of these cases with the 3-loop anomalous
dimension and the structure of the principle solution in
the iterative non-interative case of the 3-loop QCD corrections to the
-parameter.Comment: 13 pages LATEX, 2 Figure
Perfect fluids from high power sigma-models
Certain solutions of a sextic sigma-model Lagrangian reminiscent of Skyrme
model correspond to perfect fluids with stiff matter equation of state. We
analyse from a differential geometric perspective this correspondence extended
to general barotropic fluids.Comment: 17 pages. Version published in IJGMMP 8 (2011). Added Example 3.4 and
1 referenc
Spin-Dependent Tunneling of Single Electrons into an Empty Quantum Dot
Using real-time charge sensing and gate pulsing techniques we measure the
ratio of the rates for tunneling into the excited and ground spin states of a
single-electron AlGaAs/GaAs quantum dot in a parallel magnetic field. We find
that the ratio decreases with increasing magnetic field until tunneling into
the excited spin state is completely suppressed. However, we find that by
adjusting the voltages on the surface gates to change the orbital configuration
of the dot we can restore tunneling into the excited spin state and that the
ratio reaches a maximum when the dot is symmetric.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors in a young ethnically diverse British population
Background: Ovarian cancer does not cause many symptoms in the early stages, which is why the majority of cases are of advanced disease. Increasing awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved outcomes. Methods: Participants in Britain completed the Ovarian Cancer Awareness Measure by online survey (n = 459). Results: Our participants were 75% female, 25% male and a young (27.89 ± 11.44 years) ethnically diverse population (40.3% White, 29.3% Asian and 18.0% Black). Individuals recalled 1.24 ± 1.30 symptoms, and recognised 5.96 ± 2.4 symptoms. We found higher levels of recall and recognition compared to previous research possibly due to using an online survey. Recognition was lowest for difficulty eating (39.4%) and persistently feeling full (38.7%). Males had slightly lower symptom recall and recognition than females. Participants incorrectly recalled an irregular menstrual cycle (22.4%) as an ovarian cancer symptom and 67% answered the age of incidence question incorrectly. Suggesting that participants incorrectly associate ovarian cancer as a disease of pre‐menopausal women. Individuals recalled 1.47 ± 1.20 risk factors, and recognised 6.1 ± 2.4 risk factors. Family history of ovarian cancer was recalled by 59% of participants. Recognition was lowest for in vitro fertilisation treatment (23.0%) and talcum powder in the genital area (23.0%). The generic cancer risk factors of alcohol (9.3%) and poor diet (8.8%) were recalled as specific ovarian cancer risk factors. 57.9% of participants incorrectly answered that there is an ovarian cancer screening programme. Suggesting confusion between ovarian and cervical cancer as participants also recalled cervical cancer risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases (6.3%) and human papillomavirus (1.5%). 29.7% of female participants would seek help for an ovarian cancer symptom within 1–2 days. Help seeking was higher in the Black and Asian ethnicities (44.4% and 45.0%; p = 0.018). Conclusion: Awareness of ovarian cancer symptoms is low. Ovarian cancer awareness campaigns should include common misconceptions identified in this research
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