An Empirical Analysis of State Wise Enrolment of Higher Education in India

Higher education is difficult to receive, the rewards of self-improvement, job insurance, a development of character, and social improvements are what is going to satisfy you. Education is important because it plays a vital role in increasing our knowledge, helps us better “belong” in the society we live in, helps us get a job and much more. Higher education has received a lot of attention in India over the past few years. There are four reasons for this recent focus. First, country’s weak higher education system is being blamed for skill shortages in several sectors of economy. Second, reservation quotas in higher education institutions, particularly the more reputed ones that provide access to high status and best-paid jobs became a highly divisive issue, central to the policy of inclusive growth and distributive justice, and hence politically very important. Third, in the backdrop of the first two developments, it began to be argued that the country would not be able to sustain its growth momentum and maintain competitiveness unless problems with higher education are fixed. Last, demand for higher education continues to outpace the supply due to growing population of young people, gains in school education, the growing middle class and their rising aspirations. The current research study on “An Empirical Analysis of State Wise Enrolment of Higher Education in India” was formulated with the following objectives to find out the state wise students women and men enrolment in higher education in India, to find out the Stage-wise Enrolment of Students in Higher Education, to find out the Students Enrolment - Faculty-Wise (2008-2009). Keywords: Education, Higher Education, Enrolment, Faculty

TO STUDY THE DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTICS IN POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY AT TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITALS.

ABSTRACT:Objectives: The study is carried out to determine possible irrational use of drugs,antibiotic sensitivity pattern,minimize adverse events,drug-drug interactions.Methodology: It is a prospective observational study carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bhaskar General Hospital after obtaining permission from the institutional human ethics committee. It is carried out on 50 patients of post-operative cases for duration of two months by obtaining their case-sheet data. The prescriptions were assessed for patient's demographic data, antimicrobial preference, dose, duration, route of administration, categorization of drugs according to FDA, rationality score as per WHO, prescribing indicators score as per WHO.Results: The average number of drugs per patient is 3. The most frequently prescribed drugs were Metronidazole (dose:400mg-TID;100%), Tinidazole (dose:500mg-BD;90%), Ceftriaxome (dose:200mg-BD;100%),Amoxicillin+Clavulinic acid (dose:625mg-TID;14%).The brand drugs used are 100%,Generic drugs-0%, Essential drugs-87.5%,Non essential drugs-12.5%,Category B drugs-100%.Conclusion: Drug use pattern is rational with few exceptions. All the drugs were prescribed according to FDA category B. Hence we conclude that 20% of prescriptions were under polypharmacy and 80% were according to prescription indicator of WHO

Comparative Analysis of Various Z-source Based Five Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter

Z-source based multilevel inverters are the recent topologies as they have boosting ability and near sinusoidal output waveforms. This paper proposes different inverter topologies such as Z-source multilevel inverter and quasi Z-source multilevel inverter. This paper also deals with switched inductor and improved switched inductor topologies with quasi Z-network. The proposed switched inductor system reduces the voltage stresses caused by capacitors, power devices and diodes. In addition to multilevel inverter advantages, the proposed configuration employs Z-source inverter advantages. The Z-source inverter as compared to the traditional inverter is less costly, less complex, more efficient and more reliable. The performance of the proposed configurations is analysed by varying passive elements in impedance network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied on the proposed configurations and performance parameters are measured by the fast Fourier transform FFT analysis. The object of this paper is to develop an inverter which is used for variable speed drives with increase in output voltage by eliminating transformer and filter circuit. The performance is checked with standared parameter of the inverter

Modern Approach for Designing and Solving Interval Estimated Linear Fractional Programming Models

Optimization methods have been widely applied in statistics. In mathematical programming, the coefficients of the models are always categorized as deterministic values. However uncertainty always exists in realistic problems. Therefore, interval-estimated optimization models may provide an alternative choice for considering the uncertainty into the optimization models. In this aspect, this paper concentrates, the lower and upper values of interval estimated linear fractional programming model (IELFPM) are obtained by using generalized confidence interval estimation method. An IELFPM is a LFP with interval form of the coefficients in the objective function and all requirements. The solution of the IELFPM is also analyzed

A prospective study of efficacy and safety of olopatadine versus azelastine in allergic conjunctivitis at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis, an ocular surface inflammatory disease with significant social and economic impact affects approximately 25% of the general population. H1 receptor blockers, mast cell stabilizers and drugs that block cytokine and prostaglandin formation form the treatment armamentarium. Olopatadine hydrochloride and Azelastine hydrochloride are dual-acting selective H1 receptor antagonist with mast-cell stabilizing property. This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% and Azelastine hydrochloride 0.05% in allergic conjunctivitis amongst Indians.Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval and written informed consent, 120 patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Study was done from April 2014 to June 2015 at Minto eye hospital. Study subjects were treated with olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% and Azelastine hydrochloride 0.05% eye drops BD for 15 days. Ocular symptoms, instead of and signs and adverse events, if any were recorded on the day 8 and day 15 follow up visits.Results: At the end of the study period, the reduction in the ocular itching score from baseline was higher in the olopatadine group compared to the azelastine group (p<0.002). Similarly, the scores of ocular congestion (p<0.008), foreign body sensation (p<0.009), tearing (p<0.001), erythema (p<0.002) and chemosis (p<0.015) also showed larger reduction in the olopatadine treated patients. The common adverse events encountered in both the groups were stinging after instillation, burning, bitter taste and headache.Conclusions: In allergic conjunctivitis, both olopatadine and azelastine were found to be effective in relieving ocular signs and symptoms, but olopatadine was found to be superior in terms of efficacy, safety and tolerability with minimal side effects

Comparison of effectiveness of Swamiji Vethathiri Maharishi’s acupressure 14 points exercise with TCM acupressure therapy in the treatment of depression, thyroid problems and heart ailments

In this research article, the research scholar has made a maiden attempt in presenting three original case reports pertaining to the treatment of depression, thyroid problems and heart ailments faced by three different patients and a gradual recovery from these problems through a regular and unintermittent practice of Acupressure 14 points exercise designed by Swamiji Vethathiri Maharishi (1911-2006) a South Indian born Saint and Savant. According to him a continuous practice of this acupressure 14 points exercise ensures free flow of bio-magnetic energy or vital life force energy throughout the body without any short-circuit by removing air bubbles in the nerves and helps in the free flow of blood circulation and restores the body to the normal condition free from pain and diseases. In a similar manner, the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine acupressure therapy involves Qi energy or vital life force energy which circulates through natural pathway in the body called meridians such as Yin-Yang channels. Blockage or an imbalance or disharmony in the flow of Qi energy or vital life force energy in Yin and Yang channels can cause illness and pain. Thus, concept of TCM acupressure therapy as well as Swamij Vethathiri Maharishi’s Acupressure 14 points exercise help the patients to correct the functional imbalance and restore the free flow of bio-magnetic energy or Qi energy and thereby returning the body to a more natural state of well-being. Thus, Swamiji Vethathiri Maharishi's acupressure14 point’s exercises and TCM acupressure therapy can be regarded as a priceless treasure to the society in general and to the patients suffering from various illnesses in particular. Swamiji Vethathiri Maharishi's Acupressure 14 points exercises as well as TCM acupressure therapy using fingertips is a non-pharmacological and self-care treatment, very safe, involves no side-effect and an inexpensive method which doesn’t require any equipment

Iatrogenic Right Sided Infective Endocarditis in Children with CHD

Background: Right sided endocarditis (IE) occurs predominantly in intravenous drug abusers, and occasionally acquired in hospital as a result of contaminated intravascular devices. The iatrogenic IE of tricuspid valve in children treated with intravenous (IV) injections for various unrelated conditions is not reported in literature. Objective: Aim is to report clinical outcome, microbiological and echocardiographic presentation of iatrogenic right sided IE in 4 children. Materials and methods: In a span of 3 months four children, age ranging from 1 month to 5 years, three females and one male, who presented with prolonged history of fever formed the material for this study. Two cases had ventricular septal defect (VSD), one had a small atrial septal defect (ASD) and one patient had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The blood culture grew coagulase negative staphylococcus in two patients and gram negative bacilli in the one month infant. The diagnosis of tricuspid valve endocarditis was established by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in all the four patients. In addition to vegetation on tricuspid valve, the vegetation was also detected in inferior vena cava (IVC) in one case and in another case a large vegetation was seen closing the VSD. Discussion: Right sided endocarditis accounts for only 5 - 10% of cases of IE. It has been estimated that up to 76% of cases of endocarditis among IV drug abusers involve the right heart, compared with only 9% in non-addict patients. The bacterial endocarditis is extremely rare in cases of ASD and TOF. This series of four cases is notable for the iatrogenic IE of tricuspid valve in children treated in the reputed hospitals with IV injections and IV fluids for various unrelated non cardiac conditions. The infection in this series occurred upon previously normal tricuspid valve. Three patients died (75%) and only one survived. Conclusions: Right sided endocarditis can occur in CHD patients when proper aseptic precautions are not taken while treating with IV injections. The blood culture and TTE play an important role in diagnosis and management of right sided IE

Nutritional and rheological properties of pumpkin seed based fruits spread

Fruit spread is prepared by combining sugar with processed fruit juice, concentrated fruit juice, or whole fruit. Pumpkin (Curcurbita maxima) seeds are commonly seen as industrial waste and discarded. Pumpkin seed was roasted and made into powder form.  β-carotene rich fruits such as mango, papaya, and muskmelon were used to extract the pulp. To obtain a desired consistency of fruit spread, the fruit pulp (25%) was blended with roasted seed powder (70%) Fruits were scattered at 5° to 10° Brix and sugar was added. To extend the shelf life and improve the quality of the spreads, they were pasteurised at 60°C for 30 minutes. The spreads were packaged in two different types of packaging material food grade glass containers and polypropylene containers. They were kept in refrigerated conditions at 4°C for further analysis. After organoleptic evaluation, the fruits spreads were analysed for nutritional content, textural properties and microbial content. Pumpkin seed based fruit spreads have 15.23 to 15.64% moisture, 6.7 to 7.18 %  protein, 4.53  to 4.89% fat, 5.29 to 5.69% fiber and 15.36  to 28.67% carbohydrates. The pumpkin seed based fruit spreads had 15.41 to 23.04°Brix of total soluble solids. The fruit spreads had 85.82 to 764.54 g hardness, -88.54 to-205.45 g adhesiveness, 0.87 to 0.95 springiness,0.48 to 0.74 cohesiveness, 64.78 to 344.06 gumminess and 61.53 to 311.64 chewiness. The pumpkin seed based fruits spread had viscosities of 2.21 to 3.58 centipoises. The mango based fruit spreads had the highest score values among the fruit spreads. The fruit spread encompassed enormous bioactive compounds when compared to other fruit spreads available on the market

Phytochemicals characterization of nutraceutical enriched fruits and nuts spread

The present study aimed to formulate a nutraceutical enriched fruits and nuts spreads and analyze the presence of phytochemicals in the formulated spread. The pumpkin seeds and cucumber seeds were roasted at 150° C for 15 mins and made into powder. The seed powder was mixed to the pulp of ?-carotene rich fruits like mango, papaya and muskmelon in order to make fruits and nuts spread. Treatments like Mango with pumpkin seed powder (T1), Papaya with pumpkin seed powder (T2), Muskmelon with pumpkin seed powder (T3), Mango with cucumber seed powder (T4), Papaya with cucumber seed powder (T5) and Muskmelon with cucumber seed powder (T6). The fruits and nuts spreads were analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals ?-carotene, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The formulated fruits and nuts spreads were packed in polypropylene boxes, glass bottles and stored under refrigerated condition at 4°C. ?-carotene content was found to be high (634.21?g/g) in Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1), tannin content was higher (52.61 mg/g) in Papaya with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T2), flavonoid components were higher (3.25 mg/g) in Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1), and polyphenols content were found to be high (59.33 mg/g) in Papaya with Cucumber seed powder spread (T5). The antioxidant property was high in the Mango with Pumpkin seed powder spread (T1) when compared to all other treatments. Pumpkin seeds comprised of excellent amount of bioactive compounds. The pumpkin seed incorporated spread showed a high level of phytochemicals when compared to other spreads. This was ready to eat spread which had 3 months of shelf life under refrigerated condition is preferred for people of all age groups

MORAXELLA OSLOENSIS MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The main idea behind the present investigation is to explore the ability of Moraxella osloensis to reduce Titanium dioxide to nanosizes in a facile manner.Methods: The bacterium was grown in nutrient broth for 24 hr. The culture supernant was used for the bioreduction process. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterised by instrumental analyses namely FTIR, SEM and XRD. Toxicity of the nanoparticles was tested against HaCaT and Hep2 cell lines.Results: Moraxella osloensis with the dye degrading ability was found to be capable of reducing bulk Titanium dioxide to nanostructure. These biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) were in the size range of 60–150 nm with the average size of 72 nm. The particles were found to irregularly shaped and uniformly dispersed with less aggregation. In addition, XRD analysis indicated the presence of titanium beta. FTIR confirmed the involvement of proteins in the bioreduction and stabilization. Nano TiO2 was found to be more toxic against HaCaT and Hep2 cell lines than its bulk counterpart.Conclusion: Moraxella osloensis successfully synthesised TiO2 NPs in environmentally safe and cost effective method in an extracellular fashion.Keywords: Moraxella osloensis, Biogenesis, TiO2 NP, Characterization, Cytotoxicit