330 research outputs found
Traditional Approaches and Emerging Biotechnologies in Grapevine Virology
Environmental changes and global warming may promote the emergence of unknown viruses, whose spread is favored by the trade in plant products. Viruses represent a major threat to viticulture and the wine industry. Their management is challenging and mostly relies on prophylactic measures that are intended to prevent the introduction of viruses into vineyards. Besides the use of virus-free planting material, the employment of agrochemicals is a major strategy to prevent the spread of insect vectors in vineyards. According to the goal of the European Green Deal, a 50% decrease in the use of agrochemicals is expected before 2030. Thus, the development of alternative strategies that allow the sustainable control of viral diseases in vineyards is strongly needed. Here, we present a set of innovative biotechnological tools that have been developed to induce virus resistance in plants. From transgenesis to the still-debated genome editing technologies and RNAi-based strategies, this review discusses numerous illustrative studies that highlight the effectiveness of these promising tools for the management of viral infections in grapevine. Finally, the development of viral vectors from grapevine viruses is described, revealing their positive and unconventional roles, from targets to tools, in emerging biotechnologies
Vitamin A, cancer treatment and prevention: The new role of cellular retinol binding proteins
Retinol and vitamin A derivatives influence cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis and play an important physiologic role in a wide range of biological processes. Retinol is obtained from foods of animal origin. Retinol derivatives are fundamental for vision, while retinoic acid is essential for skin and bone growth. Intracellular retinoid bioavailability is regulated by the presence of specific cytoplasmic retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins (CRBPs and CRABPs). CRBP-1, the most diffuse CRBP isoform, is a small 15âKDa cytosolic protein widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved in many tissues. CRBP-1 acts as chaperone and regulates the uptake, subsequent esterification, and bioavailability of retinol. CRBP-1 plays a major role in wound healing and arterial tissue remodelling processes. In the last years, the role of CRBP-1-related retinoid signalling during cancer progression became object of several studies. CRBP-1 downregulation associates with a more malignant phenotype in breast, ovarian, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Reexpression of CRBP-1 increased retinol sensitivity and reduced viability of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Further studies are needed to explore new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring CRBP-1-mediated intracellular retinol trafficking and the meaning of CRBP-1 expression in cancer patients' screening for a more personalized and efficacy retinoid therapy
Vulcani: esplosioni ed effusioni
Si tratta dei pannelli realizzati per la mostraVulcani: Esplosioni ed effusioni
Festival della Scienza di Genova 2007
Palazzo Ducale â Sottoporticato, Genova
Una nuova mostra interattiva delllâIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vucanologia, alla scoperta dei segreti del nostro pianeta e del mondo spettacolare dei vulcani.
Organizzato come un âraccontoâ, è un lungo viaggio dalla nascita Terra ad oggi che aiuta a comprendere il ruolo fondamentale dei vulcani nella storia del nostro pianeta. Inizia con una proiezione 3d seguita da un filmato spettacolare e coinvolgente di eruzioni vulcaniche. Nella mostra si incontrano poi un grande modello di vulcano che può essere âaccesoâ in modalitĂ interattiva, producendo unâeruzione esplosiva con gran fragore, sezioni di vulcano per scoprire âcosa câè sottoâ, plastici associati ad una speciale proiezione che permette di visualizzare sia lâeruzione sia lâinterno del vulcano. E ancora rocce vulcaniche e un laboratorio per esperienze guidate, per capire il meccanismo che provoca lâeruzione, studiando il legame tra gas, pressione ed esplosione, anche utilizzando ulteriori modellini di vulcano.
Il fatto che spesso le eruzioni vulcaniche siano accompagnate da attivitĂ sismica ci introduce alla parte finale della mostra, dedicata ai terremoti.
Lâobiettivo complessivo della mostra è quello di comunicare e far comprendere lâimportanza del lavoro di ricerca e di controllo che svolge lâINGV e il riflesso che questo ha nella vita di ciascuno di noi. Si tratta, in sostanza, di âraccontareâ le attivitĂ scientifiche svolte dallâIstituto inquadrandole dal punto di vista del visitatore.Con i contributi dellâAssociazione per il Festival della Scienza e del Dipartimento della Protezione CivilePublished5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazionereserve
Modified differentials and basic cohomology for Riemannian foliations
We define a new version of the exterior derivative on the basic forms of a
Riemannian foliation to obtain a new form of basic cohomology that satisfies
Poincar\'e duality in the transversally orientable case. We use this twisted
basic cohomology to show relationships between curvature, tautness, and
vanishing of the basic Euler characteristic and basic signature.Comment: 20 pages, references added, minor corrections mad
Early extubation with immediate non-invasive ventilation versus standard weaning in intubated patients for coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter study
In patients intubated for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure (ARF) related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we retrospectively compared two weaning strategies, early extubation with immediate non-invasive ventilation (NIV) versus standard weaning encompassing spontaneous breathing trial (SBT), with respect to IMV duration (primary endpoint), extubation failures and reintubations, rate of tracheostomy, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and mortality (additional endpoints). All COVID-19 adult patients, intubated for hypoxemic ARF and subsequently extubated, were enrolled. Patients were included in two groups, early extubation followed by immediate NIV application, and conventionally weaning after passing SBT. 121 patients were enrolled and analyzed, 66 early extubated and 55 conventionally weaned after passing an SBT. IMV duration was 9 [6â11] days in early extubated patients versus 11 [6â15] days in standard weaning group (p = 0.034). Extubation failures [12 (18.2%) vs. 25 (45.5%), p = 0.002] and reintubations [12 (18.2%) vs. 22 (40.0%) p = 0.009] were fewer in early extubation compared to the standard weaning groups, respectively. Rate of tracheostomy, ICU mortality, and ICU length of stay were no different between groups. Compared to standard weaning, early extubation followed by immediate NIV shortened IMV duration and reduced the rate of extubation failure and reintubation
Chronobiology of high blood pressure
BIOCOS, the project aimed at studying BIOlogical systems in their COSmos, has obtained
a great deal of expertise in the fields of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) monitoring and of
marker rhythmometry for the purposes of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Prolonging
the monitoring reduces the uncertainty in the estimation of circadian parameters; the current
recommendation of BIOCOS requires monitoring for at least 7 days. The BIOCOS approach consists
of a parametric and a non-parametric analysis of the data, in which the results from the individual
subject are being compared with gender- and age-specified reference values in health.
Chronobiological designs can offer important new information regarding the optimization of
treatment by timing its administration as a function of circadian and other rhythms.
New technological developments are needed to close the loop between the monitoring of blood
pressure and the administration of antihypertensive drugs
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