Interface states and anomalous quantum oscillations in graphene hybrid structures

One- and two-layer graphene have recently been shown to feature new physical phenomena such as unconventional quantum Hall effects and prospects of supporting a non-silicon technological platform using epitaxial graphene. While both one- and two-layer graphene have been studied extensively, continuous sheets of graphene possessing both parts have not yet been explored. Here we report a study of such graphene hybrid structures. In a bulk hybrid featuring two large-area one- and two-layer graphene and an interface between them, two sets of Landau levels and features related to the interface were found. In edge hybrids featuring a large two-layer graphene with narrow one-layer graphene edges, we observed an anomalous suppression in quantum oscillation amplitude due to the locking of one- and two-layer graphene Fermi energies and emergent chiral interface states. These findings demonstrate the importance of these hybrid structures whose unique interface states and related phenomena deserve further studies.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Teacher Load in the Three, Four, and Five Teacher High Schools of South Dakota

This study deals with the problem of teacher load in three, four and five teacher, four year accredited high schools in the state of South Dakota. These schools compromise 62.7 percent of all the four year accredited high schools in the state. They represent, in general, the type of high school that most of our small communities operate; and furnish secondary education to a large majority of our rural boys and girls

Nicotinic α7 acetylcholine receptor-mediated currents are not modulated by the tryptophan metabolite kynurenic acid in adult hippocampal interneurons

The  tryptophan  metabolite,  kynurenic  acid (KYNA),  is  classically  known  to  be  an antagonist  of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Within the last decade several reports have been published suggesting that KYNA also blocks nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the α7 subunit (α7*). Most of these reports involve either indirect measurements of KYNA effects on α7 nAChR function, or are reports of KYNA effects in complicated in vivo systems.  However, a recent report investigating KYNA interactions with α7 nAChRs failed to detect an interaction using direct measurements of α7 nAChRs function.  Further, it showed that a KYNA blockade of α7 nAChR stimulated GABA release (an indirect measure of α7 nAChR function) was not due to KYNA blockade of the α7 nAChRs. The current study measured the direct effects of KYNA on α7-containing nAChRs expressed on interneurons in the hilar and CA1 stratum radiatum regions of the mouse hippocampus and on interneurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus.  Here we show that KYNA does not block α7* nACHRs using direct patch-­clamp recording of α7 currents in adult brain slices

Just What Is Christian Counseling Anyway?

Professional psychologists may be asked about Christian counseling services and wonder how to best respond. Given the diversity of methods and worldviews that might be considered Christian counseling, it is important for psychologists to understand some of the major approaches used. Biblical counseling, pastoral counseling, Christian psychology, Christian ministry, and other approaches are described briefly, and in each case implications for professional psychologists are offered. Collaborative efforts are likely to be productive when interacting with certified pastoral counselors and Christian psychologists, and ministry approaches may provide supplemental resources for psychotherapy with Christian clients. Ethical issues are considered, and a 5-step model for responding to questions about Christian counseling is offered

Predesign study for a modern 4-bladed rotor for the NASA rotor systems research aircraft

Trade-off study results and the rationale for the final selection of an existing modern four-bladed rotor system that can be adapted for installation on the Rotor Systems Research Aircraft (RSRA) are reported. The results of the detailed integration studies, parameter change studies, and instrumentation studies and the recommended plan for development and qualification of the rotor system is also given. Its parameter variants, integration on the RSRA, and support of ground and flight test programs are also discussed

Broadening public participation in systematic reviews : a case example involving young people in two configurative reviews

Background: Arguments supporting the involvement of users in research have even more weight when involving the public in systematic reviews of research. We aimed to explore the potential for public involvement in systematic reviews of observational and qualitative studies. Methods: Two consultative workshops were carried out with a group of young people (YP) aged 12–17 years to examine two ongoing reviews about obesity: one about children's views and one on the link between obesity and educational attainment. YP were invited to comment on the credibility of themes, to propose elements of interventions, to suggest links between educational attainment and obesity and to comment on their plausibility. Results: Researchers had more confidence in review findings, after checking that themes identified as important by YP were emphasised appropriately. Researchers were able to use factors linking obesity and attainment identified as important by YP to identify limitations in the scope of extant research. Conclusion: Consultative workshops helped researchers draw on the perspectives of YP when interpreting and reflecting upon two systematic reviews. Involving users in judging synthesis credibility and identifying concepts was easier than involving them in interpreting findings. Involvement activities for reviews should be designed with review stage, purpose and group in mind

An Investigation of the Strategies Employed by Clergy and their Spouses to Prevent and Cope with Interpersonal Isolation

As professionals in a demanding field, clergy and their spouses face many challenges that have implications for their own health and wellbeing. Maintaining good health is critical for any service provider to be effective in his or her particular role. Numerous studies have affirmed that interpersonal isolation is 1 of the unique challenges clergy and their spouses face. This study examined the experience of interpersonal isolation among a sample of clergy serving in a senior pastor role by having them complete a modified form of the Social Support Questionnaire, Short Form (SSQSR), as well as 6 open-ended interview questions. Data on clergy spouses were not included in the final analysis due to low response rate. The interview responses of clergy participants were compared based on a median split of the SSQRS satisfaction scores. Analysis of clergy responses revealed several prominent themes in the following areas: barriers to establishing supportive relationships, strategies to establishing and maintaining supportive relationships, lack of support, and coping with loneliness. Identified themes as well as clergy responses which exemplified these themes are discussed. Pastors with S scores at or above the median more frequently indicated that being transparent and vulnerable is a means by which they establish and maintain close, supportive relationships with others

Strategies Employed by Clergy to Prevent and Cope with Interpersonal Isolation

Numerous studies have affirmed that interpersonal isolation is one of the unique challenges clergy face. This study examined the experience of interpersonal isolation among a sample of clergy serving in a senior pastor role by having them complete a modified form of the Social Support Questionnaire, Short Form (SSQSR), as well as six open-ended interview questions. The interview responses of clergy participants were compared based on a median split of the SSQSR satisfaction scores. Analysis of clergy responses revealed several prominent themes in the following areas: barriers to establishing supportive relationships, strategies for establishing and maintaining supportive relationships, lack of support, and coping with loneliness. Identified themes, as well as clergy responses that exemplified these themes, are discussed. Clergy with social support scores at or above the median more frequently indicated that being transparent and vulnerable is a means by which they establish and maintain close, supportive relationships with others

Satisfaction with Clinical Training in Christian Psychology Doctoral Programs: Survey Findings and Implications

Perceptions of clinical training at seven explicitly Christian doctoral programs in clinical psychology were assessed with a satisfaction survey. A total of 228 students, 128 alumni, and 34 faculty completed the online questionnaire that entailed 20 satisfaction items. Factor analysis revealed three factors: Supervision and Support, Clinical Placements, and Professional Development. Of these, Supervision and Support received the highest satisfaction ratings and Professional Development the lowest. Overall, clinical training was perceived quite positively by respondents, and more highly than research training ratings reported in a previous study. Alumni and faculty reported greater satisfaction than current students