Efficacy of Parental Pedagogy Program to Improve Mothers' Knowledge and Attitudes about Bronchial Asthma

Background: One of the most prevalent chronic respiratory illnesses in children, asthma is becoming a global health concern. It is the main reason for absences from school and the third most common reason for hospitalization in children under the age of 15. Parents, who serve as the patient's main caregiver, are crucial to the disease's management. As a result, the goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of parents of asthmatic children in order to change them through parental education. Methods: The One group Pretest - Posttest research design is an adaptation of a quantitative research approach. 50 mothers of children with asthma who were being treated in the pediatric medical ward at the Institute of Child Health in Egmore, Chennai, participated in the study., who were chosen using the purposeful sampling method. Pre-testing was done using a structured interview questionnaire to gauge knowledge, and a four-point Likert scale to evaluate attitude, before the mother was tested and educated regarding bronchial asthma through the PowerPoint slides and information pamphlets were distributed. About 5 days later, the post test was performed. Results: The results show that majority of mothers had inadequate knowledge and negative attitude during pre-test and adequate knowledge and positive attitude was gained after Parental pedagogy Program. The enhancement could be statistically tested using a paired t test, which revealed statistical significance at a p-value of 0.001 for the improvement.  Conclusion: It demonstrates that the Parental Pedagogy Program was successful in raising the level of knowledge and attitude among mothers of asthmatic children

Implementation of An Extremely Effective Modified Reconfigurable Constant Coefficient Multiplier for Neural Network Architecture using FPGA

Due to their potential to reduce silicon area or boost throughput, low-precision computations were widely studied to speed up deep learning applications on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). However, the precision suffers as a result of these advantages. proving the superiority of modified reconfigurable constant coefficient multipliers (MRCCMs) over low-precision math in terms of silicon area savings. MRCCMs can be highly optimized for FPGAs because they only use subtractors, adders, multiplexers, and bit shifts (MUXs) to multiply input values by a constrained set of coefficients. suggested a family of MRCCMs designed specifically for FPGA logic components to guarantee their effective use. Create innovative training methods that convert potential MRCCM coefficient models to the weight value ranges of neural networks to reduce information loss due to quantization. As a result, hardware can still use MRCCMs while keeping high accuracy. Utilizing the  ResNet-18, ResNet-50, and AlexNet networks, illustrates the advantages of these methods. The resulting implementations reduce resource consumption by up to 50% compared to conventional 8-bit quantized networks, which results in substantial speedups and power savings. All other methods with MRCCMs accomplish accuracy that is at least comparable to an 8-bit uniformly quantized system while significantly reducing resource usage, while our MRCCM has the lowest consumption of resources and surpasses 6-bit fixed point accuracy. Similar to that, this study compared the MRCCM  approach using Xilinx FPGA on various sizes of MRCCM like ADD-3, ADD-4, and ADD-2

A Comprehensive Review on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Covid-19 Pandemic

The pandemic situation due to the emergence of Covid-19 presents various problems physically, economically and mentally for the individuals world-wide, therefore faster solutions with wider access is essential to solve the problems which aids as a support to the healthcare. This is made possible through the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology to handle the situation of pandemic. This paper aims to present a comprehensive re-view of the applications employed using AI for the problems faced during Covid-19 pandemic. The AI applications involved in screening, predicting, forecasting, neighborhood contact tracing and drug discovery of Covid-19 are addressed in this review. This review also presents detailed working of AI algorithms in each application. This paper helps the researchers with vivid information of AI applications of Covid-19 pandemic

Analysis of Security methods in Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution for the internet. IoT is to enable things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with anything and anyone ideally using any path/network and any service. In addition, the Internet of Things can be providing variety applications via convergence with other technology such as machine-to-machine, Wireless Sensor Network, and Web technology. In this paper describes the analysis of security methods in the area of IoT and also describes a protocol which combines zero knowledge proof and key exchange algorithm to provide secure and authenticated communication that can be applied in IoT environment. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16044

A Study on the Effectiveness of Mirror Box Therapy and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilition Technique in Management of Upper Limb Function among Stroke Patients

INTRODUCTION: Stroke or cerebral vascular accident is the sudden death of brain cells due to inadequate blood flow. The WHO clinically defines stroke as the rapid development of clinical signs and symptoms of a focal neurological disturbance lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than vascular origin. Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Stroke increases with age. Indian studies have estimated that the prevalence rate of stroke increases from 21/100,000 for the age group 20-40 to 625/100,000 in the age group 60 and above. However in India, the prevalence of stroke in younger individuals is high compared with high-income countries. Stroke is a global health care problem that is both serious and disabling. In high income countries, stroke is the main cause of acquired cause of death and is the main cause of acquired adult impairment. As most patient with stroke survive with initial injury, the best effect on patient and families is usually through long term impairment .It has been shown that about 40% of people who survive a stroke still have significance impaired function in this affected arm after 3 months, whereas 40% have middle to moderate impairment and only 20% have entirely normal function. OBJECTIVES: 1. To find out the effectiveness of mirror box therapy on wrist and hand function, frequency and quality of upper limb movement among stroke patients. 2. To find out the effectiveness of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on wrist and hand function, frequency and quality of upper limb movement among stroke patients. 3. To compare the effect of mirror box therapy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on wrist and hand function, frequency and quality of upper limb movement among stroke patients. METHODOLOGY 3.1. Study Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient department Sri Kumaran Multi Specialty Hospital, Tirupur. 3.2. Selection of subjects: 20 subjects were randomly selected who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups. • Group A - Mirror Box Therapy. • Group B - Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation technique. Variables : Dependent variables: • Wrist and hand function. • Frequency of upper limb movement. • Quality of upper limb movement. Independent variable: • Mirror box therapy. • Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique. Study design: The study design was pre and post-test experimental design. Inclusion criteria: • Clinically diagnosed anterior cerebral artery stroke patients. • Brunstrom's stages 3 and 4. • Subjects of age group between 40 to 55 years. • Subjects who are able to understand and follow verbal instructions. • Medically stable. Exclusion criteria: • Perceptual and cognitive deficits. • Subject with visual impairment. • Subjects with recurrent episodes of stroke. • Subjects with shoulder hand syndrome. • Subjects with tumors and fracture. RESULTS: 20 stroke subjects were selected for the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A was treated with Mirror Box Therapy Group B was treated with Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques The patient was treated for one session a day like that 8 weeks. Before starting the treatment, wrist and hand function was graded by Fugl Meyer’s scale and frequency of upper limb movement was graded by motor activity log (how often scale or amount scale). Quality of upper limb movement was graded by motor activity log (how well scale). The measurement was repeated at the end of the study duration. CONCLUSION: An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mirror therapy and proprioception neuromuscular facilitation techniques in the management of stroke. 20 patients with stroke were included in this study and randomly divided into two groups A and B each group consist of 10 subjects. Group A was treated with mirror box therapy. Group B was treated with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Wrist and hand function, frequency and quality of upper limb movement were assessed before and after intervention by Fugl Meyer’s Scale and Motor Activity Log (how often and how well scale). The statistical result shows that there is improvement in both the groups. But when comparing both it was found that mirror box therapy is more effective than proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques

Design, Development and Evaluation of Floating Pulsatile Tablets of Captopril for the Morning Surge of Hypertension

INTRODUCTION:ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORMS: Oral route is the most widely used route of administration among all the routes that have been developed for systemic controlled delivery of drugs. This is due to following reasons: 1. Oral route is most convenient and uncomplicated 2. Ease of administration and safe 3. Improved patient compliance 4. Cost-effective Oral solid forms such as tablets and capsules has been formulated and developed nowadays since they are most effective routes of administration of a new drug. Pharmaceutical products designed for oral delivery and currently available on the prescription and over the counter markets are mostly immediate release type, which is designed for immediate release of drug for rapid absorption.TABLET: Tablet is defined as a compressed solid dosage form containing medicaments with or without excipients. Pharmaceutical tablets are solid, flat or biconvex dishes, unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a drugs or a mixture of drugs, with or without diluents. They vary in shape and different greatly in size and weight, depending on amount of medicinal substance and the intended mode of administration. It is the most popular dosage form and 70% of the total medicines are dispensed in the form of tablet.AIM OF THE WORK: 1. To formulate and evaluate Floating Pulsatile tablet of Captopril providing chronomodulated therapy for better treatment of Hypertension 2. To prepare the rapid release core tablets of Captopril using various superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone by direct compression 3. Compression coating of optimized core tablets using hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC E5, HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and Xanthan gum by direct compression.OBJECTIVE:1. To provide drug release at the time when it is needed most. 2. To reduce dose related side effects. 3. To enhance the bioavailability of the drug.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:The present work involves the design, development and in-vitro evaluation of Captopril floating pulsatile release tablet, in which the core tablets are rapid release formulation which is coated with hydrophilic polymers such as HPMC E15, HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M, Xanthan gum individually and in combination. FPRT was designed for the treatment of morning surge of Hypertension. The drug excipient interaction was investigated with FTIR spectroscopy. The study indicated that there was no interaction between the drug and the excipients used in the formulations. The rapid release core tablets of captopril were formulated with various concentrations of SSG (2%, 3% and 4%), CCS (1%, 1.5% and 2%) and Crospovidone (2 %, 3.5% and 5%) by direct compression. The formulated RRCT blends were evaluated for pre-compression parameters which showed good flow property. The formulated tablets were found to be within the limits with respect to Weight uniformity, Hardness, Thickness, Diameter and Friability. The Drug content of the formulated Tablets was found to be within the Pharmacopoeial limit. The Disintegration time of Captopril rapid release Core Tablet (Formulation F3) containing 2% croscarmellose sodium disintegrated quickly (D.T = 21 seconds). The in-vitro dissolution studies of the formulated Captopril Core tablets were performed using USP type-II dissolution apparatus. From the formulated batches, the formulation F3 released the drug very quickly (within 4 minutes) when compared to other formulations. Based on the Disintegration and in-vitro release studies of captopril rapid release core tablets, formulation F3 was optimized and selected for Press coating. The outer coat contains hydrophilic polymers (swellable and erodible) such as HPMC E15, HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M, Xanthan gum. For the formulated coating material blends, micromeritic properties were evaluated which showed good flow. So, the Compression coating of optimized Captopril core tablets was done by direct compression technique. Totally 8 batches of Captopril Floating pulsatile release tablets (FPRT) were prepared using HPMC E15, HPMC K15M, HPMC K4M, Xanthan gum.The formulated Captopril FPRTs were found to be within limits with respect to Weight uniformity, Hardness, Thickness, Diameter and Friability. The drug content of the Captopril FPRTs were estimated and found to be within Pharmacopoeial limits. A direct correlation between swelling and lag time was observed and found that the formulations having maximum swelling indices showed higher lag time. The in-vitro dissolution studies of the formulated Captopril FPRTs were performed using USP type-II dissolution apparatus. From the formulated batches, the % drug release for the formulation FP8 was 101.23% at the end of 7.5hrs with the lag time of 6hours. Based on the in-vitro release studies of Captopril FPRT, formulation FP8 (formulation contains 200mg of HPMC E15 and 50mg of HPMC K4M) was optimized. The optimized FPRT (FP8) follows Zero order kinetics up to the lag time, in which the regression value was 0.963. The ‘n’ value of Korsmeyer-peppas equation was found to be 1.066. From this it was concluded that the drug release follows non-fickian super case II transport. A stability study for the optimized Captopril FPRT was performed by storing the tablets at ambient room temperature and at 40ºC ± 2ºC maintained at RH 75% ± 5% for 45 days. There was no significant differences produced in physical appearance, drug content and % drug release, this shows that the formulation remains stable during the storage

A study on serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic patients

Background: Elevated levels of lipid peroxide in diabetes mellitus may be due to the alteration of function of erythrocytes membrane. This inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme leading to accumulation of superoxide radicals which cause the maximum lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in diabetes. The objectives was to study was done with the objectives of assessing the serum lipid and malondialdehyde levels among diabetic population and matched control group.Methods: This study was done among 50 NIDDM, 50 IDDM and 50 controls at Thanjavur Medical College, Tamil Nadu, India for a period of one year at the Department of Diabetology after getting the informed consent and IEC clearance. This study included all ambulatory NIDDM and IDDM patients without any complications. The following investigations like serum malondialdehyde, blood sugar, HBA1C, serum lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, urine albumin and sugar were done by standardized procedures and reagents after getting the detailed history and examination.Results: Among NIDDM group 78% were between 6.4 to 8 categories whereas in IDDM group only 28% were in this 6.4 to 8 category (HBA1C). Comparison of serum MDA values among three groups were done by ANOVA with two groups separately and it was highly significant. Multiple comparison of mean difference of MDA and lipid values among all the three groups showed statistically significant results with p value at 0.05.Conclusions: Lipid profile is increased in poor glycemic controlled patients (both IDDM and NIDDM patients) and it is reflected in high serum malondialdehyde levels

A new mathematical modelling using Homotopyperturbation method to solve nonlinear equations in enzymatic glucose fuel cells.

For the first time a mathematical modelling of the enzymatic glucose membraneless fuel cell with direct electron transfer has been reported. The niche of this mathematical modelling is the description of the new Homotopy perturbation method to solve the nonlinear differential equations that describes glucose concentration and hydrogen ions respectively. The analytical results of an enzymatic fuel cell should be used, while developing fuel cell, to estimate its various kinetic parameters to attain the highest power value. Our analytical results are compared with limiting case results and satisfactory agreement is noted. The influence of parameters on the concentrations are discusse