46,937 research outputs found
A cluster expansion approach to exponential random graph models
The exponential family of random graphs is among the most widely-studied
network models. We show that any exponential random graph model may
alternatively be viewed as a lattice gas model with a finite Banach space norm.
The system may then be treated by cluster expansion methods from statistical
mechanics. In particular, we derive a convergent power series expansion for the
limiting free energy in the case of small parameters. Since the free energy is
the generating function for the expectations of other random variables, this
characterizes the structure and behavior of the limiting network in this
parameter region.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figur
NMR Investigation of the Low Temperature Dynamics of solid 4He doped with 3He impurities
The lattice dynamics of solid 4He has been explored using pulsed NMR methods
to study the motion of 3He impurities in the temperature range where
experiments have revealed anomalies attributed to superflow or unexpected
viscoelastic properties of the solid 4He lattice. We report the results of
measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times that
measure the fluctuation spectrum at high and low frequencies, respectively, of
the 3He motion that results from quantum tunneling in the 4He matrix. The
measurements were made for 3He concentrations 16<x_3<2000 ppm. For 3He
concentrations x_3 = 16 ppm and 24 ppm, large changes are observed for both the
spin-lattice relaxation time T_1 and the spin-spin relaxation time T_2 at
temperatures close to those for which the anomalies are observed in
measurements of torsional oscillator responses and the shear modulus. These
changes in the NMR relaxation rates were not observed for higher 3He
concentrations.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
Momentum Kick Model Description of the Ridge in (Delta-phi)-(Delta eta) Correlation in pp Collisions at 7 TeV
The near-side ridge structure in the (Delta phi)-(Delta eta) correlation
observed by the CMS Collaboration for pp collisions at 7 TeV at LHC can be
explained by the momentum kick model in which the ridge particles are medium
partons that suffer a collision with the jet and acquire a momentum kick along
the jet direction. Similar to the early medium parton momentum distribution
obtained in previous analysis for nucleus-nucleus collisions at 0.2 TeV, the
early medium parton momentum distribution in pp collisions at 7 TeV exhibits a
rapidity plateau as arising from particle production in a flux tube.Comment: Talk presented at Workshop on High-pT Probes of High-Density QCD at
the LHC, Palaiseau, May 30-June2, 201
Incentivizing High Quality Crowdwork
We study the causal effects of financial incentives on the quality of
crowdwork. We focus on performance-based payments (PBPs), bonus payments
awarded to workers for producing high quality work. We design and run
randomized behavioral experiments on the popular crowdsourcing platform Amazon
Mechanical Turk with the goal of understanding when, where, and why PBPs help,
identifying properties of the payment, payment structure, and the task itself
that make them most effective. We provide examples of tasks for which PBPs do
improve quality. For such tasks, the effectiveness of PBPs is not too sensitive
to the threshold for quality required to receive the bonus, while the magnitude
of the bonus must be large enough to make the reward salient. We also present
examples of tasks for which PBPs do not improve quality. Our results suggest
that for PBPs to improve quality, the task must be effort-responsive: the task
must allow workers to produce higher quality work by exerting more effort. We
also give a simple method to determine if a task is effort-responsive a priori.
Furthermore, our experiments suggest that all payments on Mechanical Turk are,
to some degree, implicitly performance-based in that workers believe their work
may be rejected if their performance is sufficiently poor. Finally, we propose
a new model of worker behavior that extends the standard principal-agent model
from economics to include a worker's subjective beliefs about his likelihood of
being paid, and show that the predictions of this model are in line with our
experimental findings. This model may be useful as a foundation for theoretical
studies of incentives in crowdsourcing markets.Comment: This is a preprint of an Article accepted for publication in WWW
\c{opyright} 2015 International World Wide Web Conference Committe
Constraining conformal field theories with a slightly broken higher spin symmetry
We consider three dimensional conformal field theories that have a higher
spin symmetry that is slightly broken. The theories have a large N limit, in
the sense that the operators separate into single trace and multitrace and obey
the usual large N factorization properties. We assume that the spectrum of
single trace operators is similar to the one that one gets in the Vasiliev
theories. Namely, the only single trace operators are the higher spin currents
plus an additional scalar. The anomalous dimensions of the higher spin currents
are of order 1/N. Using the slightly broken higher spin symmetry we constrain
the three point functions of the theories to leading order in N. We show that
there are two families of solutions. One family can be realized as a theory of
N fermions with an O(N) Chern-Simons gauge field, the other as a N bosons plus
the Chern-Simons gauge field. The family of solutions is parametrized by the 't
Hooft coupling. At special parity preserving points we get the critical O(N)
models, both the Wilson-Fisher one and the Gross-Neveu one. Our analysis also
fixes the on shell three point functions of Vasiliev's theory on AdS_4 or dS_4.Comment: 54 pages, 3 figure
Abnormal Investment and Firm Performance
We find a negative relation between abnormal investment and future stock performance. Such a negative relation is mainly driven by under-investment, not overinvestment. Our results are robust to various estimation methods and investment models. Both delayed market reaction and agency issues may lead to the apparently anomalous return predictability of under-investment. First, market investors may not react promptly to the fundamental information contained in under-investment about a firm’s future profitability, asset growth, and financial distress probability. Second, the negative relation between under-investment and future stock returns is more pronounced for firms with lower investor monitoring and higher agency costs
Thermal and electrical transport in the spin density wave antiferromagnet CaFeAs
We present here measurements of the thermopower, thermal conductivity, and
electrical resistivity of the newly reported compound CaFe4As3. Evidence is
presented from specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements that a
substantial fraction of the Fermi surface survives the onset of spin density
wave (SDW) order at the Neel temperature TN=88 K, and its subsequent
commensurate lockin transition at T2=26.4 K. The specific heat below T2
consists of a normal metallic component from the ungapped parts of the Fermi
surface, and a Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer (BCS) component that represents the
SDW gapping of the Fermi surface. A large Kadowaki-Woods ratio is found at low
temperatures, showing that the ground state of CaFe4As3 is a strongly
interacting Fermi liquid. The thermal conductivity of CaFe4As3 is an order of
magnitude smaller than those of conventional metals at all temperatures, due to
a strong phonon scattering. The thermoelectric power displays a sign change
from positive to negative indicating that a partial gap forms at the Fermi
level with the onset of commensurate spin density wave order at T2=26.4 K. The
small value of the thermopower and the enhancements of the resistivity due to
gap formation and strong quasiparticle interactions offset the low value of the
thermal conductivity, yielding only a modest value for the thermoelectric
figure of merit Z < 5x10^-6 1/K in CaFe4As3. The results of ab initio
electronic structure calculations are reported, confirming that the sign change
in the thermopower at T2 is reflected by a sign change in the slope of the
density of states at the Fermi level. Values for the quasiparticle
renormalization are derived from measurements of the specific heat and
thermopower, indicating that as T->0, CaFe4As3 is among the most strongly
correlated of the known Fe-based pnictide and chalcogenide systems.Comment: 8 pages with 5 figure
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