Dual Solutions for MHD Stagnation-point Flow of a Nanofluid Over a Stretching Surface with Induced Magneticfield

Present study deals with the buoyancy-driven MHD mixed convection stagnation-point flow, heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a non-isothermal stretching sheet in presence of induced magneticfield, radiation, chemical reaction, suction/injection and heat source/sink. The basic governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity transformation. The resulting system is solved numerically by bvp5c Matlab package. Numerical results are validated by comparing with the published results. The influence of non-dimensional governing parameters on velocity, induced magneticfield, temperature and concentration profiles along with coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented with the help of graphs and tables. Comparisons are made with the existed studies. Results indicate that dual solutions exists only for certain range of suction/ injection parameter and injection parameter have tendency to enhance the momentum, thermal and concentration boundary layer thickness

SPAN-60 NIOSOMAL ORAL SUSPENSION OF FLUCONAZOLE: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION

Niosomes have shown promise as cheap and chemically stable drug deliverysystems. Niosomes have been prepared with different molar ratios of surfactant andcholesterol and their morphological properties have been determined by scanningelectron microscopy. Different batches of Fluconazole niosomal preparations wereprepared by changing the surfactant concentration but keeping the cholesterolconcentration constant. The surfactant used was Span 60 and the five batches ofniosomal preparations prepared were in the ratios 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2.5:1:1 and3:1:1 (surfactant: cholesterol: drug). Furthermore, the release profile, entrapmentefficiency, size distribution and stability of these niosomes under varioustemperatures were studied

SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER AND ANTITUBERCULOSIS STUDIES FOR [1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL) CYCLOPROPYL] (PIPERAZINE-YL) METHANONE DERIVATES

Objective: Synthesis, anticancer and antituberculosis studies for 1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates 3a-j Methods: A series of new [1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates were synthesized using reductive amination method in presence of sodium triacetoxyborohydride to yield piperzine derivatives 3a-j. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis and spectral studies. Results: Five selected compounds have been screened for invitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435 at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µG/mL concentration using sulforhodamine B assay method. and Two compounds 3a and 3c have shown in vitro anticancer activity. Five selected compounds have been screened for anti-tuberculosis activity using Middlebrook 7H-9 broth and standard strain of M. tb h37Rv. Three compounds 3a, 3b and 3c have shown significant antituberculosis Conclusion: Synthesis of [1-(4-Chlorophenyl) cyclopropyl] (piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivates 3a-j simple and convenient method. Some of the tested compounds have exhibited significant antituberculosis and anticancer activity. Compound 3c showed both antituberculosis and anticancer activity

Pathogenicity of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes on larvae of Galleria mellonella

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of different population of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from agroclimatic zone 5 of Karnataka on second instar larvae of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella by artificial diet method. Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated by insect bait method and symbiotic bacteria were isolated and identified by morphological and biochemical tests. Second instar larvae of G. mellonella were fed with artificial diet containing different populations of bacterial cells and mortality data of larvae was recorded after 48hrs. The cumulative mortality of larvae has increased with increase in the concentration of bacterial cells. The median lethal concentration varied among the bacterial isolates against G.mellonella larvae. Among the twenty isolates used in the study, isolate KPR1 was found to be highly pathogenic with a lower median lethal concentration of  0.018x105 cells/ml followed by HEB2 (0.084x105 cells/ml), KPR4 (0.12x105 cells/ml), CHK1(0.13x105 cells/ml), KPR3(0.16x105 cells/ml), EXP2 (0.19x105 cells/ml) CHK2 (0.19x105 cells/ml), RMG2(0.20x105 cells/ml). The remaining twelve bacterial isolates showed higher median lethal concentration with isolate BGR showing the highest LD50 of 26x105 cells/ml. These results suggest that the toxic activity to G. mellonella varied among the Symbiotic bacteria isolated from different locations.ÂÂ

Effects of Aligned Magneticfield and Radiation on the Flow of Ferrofluids Over a Flat Plate with Non-uniform Heat Source/sink

In this study we analyzed the influence of radiation and aligned magneticfield on the flow of ferrofluids over a flat plate in presence of non-uniform heat source/sink and slip velocity. We considered Fe3O4 magnetic nano particles embedded within the two types of base fluids namely water and kerosene. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and solved numerically using bvp5c Matlab package. The effects of dimensionless quantities on the flow and temperature profiles along with the friction factor and Nusselt number is discussed and presented through graphs and tables. It is found that present results have an excellent agreement with the existed studies under some special assumptions. Results indicate that a raise in the aligned angle enhances the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate

Drug utilization pattern in an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in South India

Background: Polypharmacy and inappropriate usage of antibiotics are common in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which may increase morbidity, mortality, antimicrobial resistance and treatment cost. Hence, drug utilization research is crucial for measuring drug consumption using DDD/100 bed-days formula proposed by the WHO that would possibly be useful while formulating a comprehensive antibiotic policy for the institution and guide for future inter-hospital or institutional comparisons. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the drug utilization patterns in the ICU.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 3 months from June 2018 to August 2018, and the data were obtained from the ICU of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data, disease data, the utilization of different classes of drugs (WHO-ATC classification) as well as individual drugs were recorded.Results:One hundred and twelve patient’s data were evaluated.  About 90% patients were prescribed with antiulcer medications during their ICU stay followed by antibiotics in more than 89% patients. Azithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were maximally utilized antibiotics with 24, 16.43, 14.27, 13.89, 12.22 and 10.97 DDD/100 bed-days respectively. Conclusions: Antiulcer medications were most commonly prescribed followed by antibiotics during ICU stay.  Average numbers of drugs prescribed per patients were high. Regular prescription audit and modification of antibiotic policy is required to curtail the polypharmacy and inappropriate use of antibiotics.Background: Polypharmacy and inappropriate usage of antibiotics are common in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which may increase morbidity, mortality, antimicrobial resistance and treatment cost. Hence, drug utilization research is crucial for measuring drug consumption using DDD/100 bed-days formula proposed by the WHO that would possibly be useful while formulating a comprehensive antibiotic policy for the institution and guide for future inter-hospital or institutional comparisons. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to evaluate the drug utilization patterns in the ICU.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 3 months from June 2018 to August 2018, and the data were obtained from the ICU of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data, disease data, the utilization of different classes of drugs (WHO-ATC classification) as well as individual drugs were recorded.Results:One hundred and twelve patient’s data were evaluated.  About 90% patients were prescribed with antiulcer medications during their ICU stay followed by antibiotics in more than 89% patients. Azithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, ofloxacin, ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were maximally utilized antibiotics with 24, 16.43, 14.27, 13.89, 12.22 and 10.97 DDD/100 bed-days respectively.Conclusions: Antiulcer medications were most commonly prescribed followed by antibiotics during ICU stay.  Average numbers of drugs prescribed per patients were high. Regular prescription audit and modification of antibiotic policy is required to curtail the polypharmacy and inappropriate use of antibiotics. Keywords: Antibiotics, Daily defined doses, Drug utilization, Intensive care uni

Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario.

India leads the world with largest number of diabetic subjects earning the dubious distinction of being termed the "diabetes capital of the world". According to the Diabetes Atlas 2006 published by the International Diabetes Federation, the number of people with diabetes in India currently around 40.9 million is expected to rise to 69.9 million by 2025 unless urgent preventive steps are taken. The so called "Asian Indian Phenotype" refers to certain unique clinical and biochemical abnormalities in Indians which include increased insulin resistance, greater abdominal adiposity i.e., higher waist circumference despite lower body mass index, lower adiponectin and higher high sensitive C-reactive protein levels. This phenotype makes Asian Indians more prone to diabetes and premature coronary artery disease. At least a part of this is due to genetic factors. However, the primary driver of the epidemic of diabetes is the rapid epidemiological transition associated with changes in dietary patterns and decreased physical activity as evident from the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban population. Even though the prevalence of microvascular complications of diabetes like retinopathy and nephropathy are comparatively lower in Indians, the prevalence of premature coronary artery disease is much higher in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. The most disturbing trend is the shift in age of onset of diabetes to a younger age in the recent years. This could have long lasting adverse effects on nation's health and economy. Early identification of at-risk individuals using simple screening tools like the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and appropriate lifestyle intervention would greatly help in preventing or postponing the onset of diabetes and thus reducing the burden on the community and the nation as a whole

Radiation and Chemical Reaction Effects on Thermophoretic MHD Flow over an Aligned Isothermal Permeable Surface with Heat Source

Radiation and chemical reaction effects on thermophoretic MHD flow over an inclined isothermal permeable surface in presence of heat generation/absorption, viscous dissipation is analyzed numerically. The governing equations are reduced to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and then solved numerically using bvp4c solver with MATLAB Package. The effects of governing parameters on dimensionless quantities like velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, wall heat flux and wall deposition flux are discussed for both suction and injection cases. Results are presented graphically and through tables. Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics, Thermophresis, Radiation, Dissipation, Heat source.