Changes in locomotor activity and naloxone-induced jumping in mice produced by WIN 35,197-2 (Ethylketazocine) and morphine

Acute i.p. administration of morphine or cocaine produced increase in locomotor activity in Swiss-Webster female mice that were maximal at 32–100 mg/kg for morphine and at 32 mg/kg for cocaine. WIN 35,197-2 produced dose-dependent decreases in locomotor activity from 3.2–32 mg/kg. Chronic administration of WIN 35,197-2 led to a 6–10 fold shift to the right in the locomotor activity decreasing effect of the drug, but WIN 35,197-2-tolerant mice retained their sensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effects of morphine and cocaine. Acute administration of WIN 35,197-2 failed to sensitize mice to naloxone-induced jumping, although morphine did so. Chronic administration of WIN 35,197-2 did lead to sensitization to naloxone, but WIN 35,197-2 was much less efficacious in this regard than morphine. These behavioral effects of WIN 35,197-2 may be helpful in the classification of modes of action of different narcotic agonists.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46405/1/213_2004_Article_BF00426894.pd

Current status and future challenges for controlling malaria with the sterile insect technique: technical and social perspectives

International audienceThe intolerable burden of malaria, when faced with high levels of drug resistance, increasing insecticide resistance and meagre resources at the national level, remains a great public health challenge to governments and the research/control community. Efficient control methods against the vectors of malaria are desperately needed. Control strategies for malaria that integrate the transfer of sterile sperm by released males to wild virgin females with other control tactics are currently being developed, and optimised mass-rearing, irradiation and release techniques are being validated in several field sites. However, the success of this strategy as part of wider pest control or health management programmes strongly depends on gaining public understanding and acceptance. Here we attempt to review what progress has been made and the remaining challenges surrounding the use of the sterile insect technique against malaria from technical and social perspectives