17 research outputs found

    Mitigating Risk Impact of Disputes on Real Estate Business and Investment in Lagos: The Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Approach

    Get PDF
    The occurrence of disputes in various forms of human interactions has increased in complexity and has assumed a disturbing dimension in recent times. Due to uncertainty surrounding dispute resolution through litigation, professionals in the various disciplines are always seeking for alternative and innovative ways through which risk of disputes that arise in the course of business transactions and professional activities can be resolved without recourse to litigation. The objective of the study therefore is to examine the impact of dispute as an emerging risk factor in real estate business and investment and the adoption of Alternative Dispute Resolution techniques as innovative approaches to real estate investment and management dispute resolution thereby mitigating dispute risk impact on real estate investment. Utilising content analysis of cases in real estate investment sourced from the High Court of Lagos State, some ADR centres and consultant Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Lagos State, results showed among others that there were huge loss of investment in real estate, tribal tensions, discrimination and damaged business relationships when ADR frameworks were not involved in disputes resolution. The study has recommended among others that ADR should be enshrined in all real estate management and investment contracts and that all the stakeholders in real estate business should take advantage of the flexible multi-level ADR clauses to better the chances of dispute resolution along the real estate value chain

    Antifungal susceptibility and test for cure of candida species among vulvovaginal candidiasis patients in a secondary care hospital, Nigeria

    Get PDF
    Background: Antimicrobial resistance among Candida species is an intense public health concern. The aim of the study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern and test for cure of Candida species among women of child bearing age who visited the General Hospital Onitsha, Nigeria with symptoms suggestive of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC).Materials and Methods: Eight hundred and seventy six female patients participated in the study of which high vaginal swabs were collected and evaluated mycological by standard microbiological methods: microscopic examination and culture using sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Susceptibility of isolates to 4 antifungal agents was tested using agar dilution method. Clinicomycological evaluation was also performed among the patients.Result: Higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to azole antifungals was observed predominantly among non-albicans Candida species increasingly involved in VVC. The rate of mycological resolution was higher than symptomatic relief at 2 weeks after treatment with antifungal drug.Conclusion: Efficacious treatment of VVC requires an adequate knowledge of the causative agents and more importantly the antimicrobial to which they exhibit high susceptibility.Keywords: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis, Clinico- mycology, Antimicrobial resistance, Candida speciesSusceptibilite antifonique et test pour la cure d'especes de candida entre les patients de candidases vulvovaginales dans un hopital de soins secondaires, NigeriaContexte: La résistance aux antimicrobiens chez les espèces de Candida est un problème de santé publique intense. L'objectif de l'étude était de déterminer le schéma de susceptibilité aux antifongiques et le test de guérison des espèces de Candida parmi les femmes en âge de procréer qui ont visité l'hôpital général de Onitsha, au Nigeria, avec des symptômes suggérant une candidose vulvovaginale (VVC).Matériaux et méthodes: huit cent soixante-seize six patientes ont participé à l'étude des prélèvements vaginaux élevés collectés et évalués par mycologie par méthodes microbiologiques standard: examen microscopique et culture à l'aide de la gélose sabouraud dextrose (SDA). La susceptibilité des isolats à 4 agents antifongiques a été testée en utilisant une méthode de dilution en agar. Une évaluation clinico-mycologique a également été réalisée chez les patients.Résultat: une concentration minimale minimale d'inhibition (MIC) en anatoxines azoliques a été observée principalement chez les espèces non-albicans Candida de plus en plus impliquées dans VVC. Le taux de résolution mycologique était plus élevé que le soulagement symptomatique à 2 semaines après le traitement par un médicament antifongique.Conclusion: Un traitement efficace de la VVC nécessite une connaissance adéquate des agents causaux et, plus important encore, des antimicrobiens auxquels ils présentent une forte susceptibilité.Mots-clés: Candidiase Vulvovaginale, Clinico-mycologie, Résistance Antimicrobienne, Espèces Candid

    Reducing Asthma Attacks in Children using Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a biomarker to inform treatment strategy:a randomised trial (RAACENO)

    Get PDF
    Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to the following persons who have helped deliver the RAACENO trial: Mrs J Wood and Mrs V Bell for implementation of protocol; Miss A Fraser for data coordination; colleagues in the Clinical Trials Unit in Aberdeen (Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, CHaRT); the Clinical Research Networks in East of England; the Scottish Primary Care Research Network; the local recruiting teams, participants and participant parents and care givers. The views and opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Health Technology Assessment Programme, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), NHS or the Department of Health. Funding {4} The trial is funded by the NIHR Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, project number 15-18-14. The funding body had no role in the design of the study, collection of data or the writing of this paper, nor will the funding body have a role in analysis, interpretation of data or in writing future manuscripts. Co-sponsor 1 is the University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill House Annexe, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB. Co-sponsor 2 is NHS Grampian, Foresterhill House Annexe, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

    Gender and Access to Land: An Investigation of Discriminatory Practices in Delta State of Nigeria

    No full text
    The scourge of gender discrimination with respect to land accessibility in developing countries has been very disturbing. It is far from being eliminated and has the potential of widening the socioeconomic gap between men and women, with women slipping further down the poverty valley. This study reports an empirical investigation of gender-based discriminatory practices affecting access to land and their consequences in Nigeria's south-south state of Delta. Apart from establishing the extent and prevalence of such practices in the area, the study also evaluated mitigating strategies and assessed their workability in Nigeria. Using a structured questionnaire administered on 323 respondents who were selected through cluster sampling techniques, the researchers found that customary laws, high levels of financial incapability and ineffective land laws were the most significant factors affecting women's access to land in the area. The worst affected groups were widows and divorced women. The study therefore recommends that policymakers should demonstrate strong political will and promote affirmative action by enacting appropriate and effective legislations. Where the need arises, they should also review existing laws and policies to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study concludes that implementation of laws that deal with gender inequality and women's access to land cannot be effective if there are no strong institutions

    The design, management and operation of flexible transport systems: Comparison of experience between UK, Japan and India

    No full text
    Flexible transport systems (FTS) can offer an alternative to fixed route fixed schedule bus services in situations of low and dispersed demand. Although it is widely recognised that these on-demand services provide a better level of service to passengers at a lower operating cost than the infrequent fixed route services which they often replace, they still require significant financial support to cover their costs. As local authority budgets to support public transport continue to be reduced the sustainability of these services is being brought into sharper focus. In this paper we compare and contrast the development of FTS in UK, Japan and India. In particular we examine the extent to which new technologies are being used to contribute to a reduction in operating costs in the UK and Japan and whether these developments point to a future model for sustainable flexible service provision in developing countries, using India as an example

    Politikszenarien für den Klimaschutz VI – Treibhausgas-Emissionsszenarien bis zum Jahr 2030 - Advances in Systems Analysis 5

    Get PDF
    In the “Policy Scenarios for Climate Protection VI” project the greenhouse gas emissions for Germany are assessed based on model analyses for detailed specific energy and climate policy instruments.In the Current Policy Scenario (CPS) all measures which have been implemented by 8 July 2011 (and those which entered into force for the first time or were changed after 1.1.2005) are taken into consideration. Compared to the reference year of 1990, a 34 % reduction of the emissions of greenhouse gases falling under the Kyoto Protocol4 is achieved by 2020. By 2030 the emissions are reduced by 44 %. Over half f of the emission reductions originate from policies that target the energy conversion sectors, most notably from electricity production. In terms of the instrument-specific effects, the largest share of the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions stems from instruments geared to saving electricity (e.g. the emission trading scheme (ETS))5, building rehabilitation programs, the promotion of renewable energies in electricity and heat production, (European) efficiency standards for passenger cars and the use of bio fuels. Primary energy consumption in Germany decreases by 9 % by 2020 and by 19 % by 2030 compared to 20086. The contribution made by renewable energies to the primary energy supply approximately doubles by 2020; by 2030 the contribution increases by approx. a factor of 2.5. Overall the share of renewable energies in the primary energy supply increases from approx. 9 % in 2008 to 19.5 % in 2020 and to more than 27 % in 2030. Alongside the energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, substantial emission reductions in the Current Policy Scenario are achieved by measures and developments in industrial processes and waste management.In the Energy Transformation Scenario (ETS) additional measures which go beyond the ones described above are taken into account. These additional measures bring about an emission reduction of approx. 42 % by 2020 and of more than 58 % by 2030 (compared to 1990). More than half of the emission reductions achieved stem from the energy conversion sectors and, above all, electricity production.The largest emission reduction effects of the policy instruments analysed in this report arise from the more robust implementation of energy rehabilitation standards in the buildings sector, the measures geared to more efficient use of electricity in the tertiary and households sectors, including the effect of higher electricity prices as a consequence of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, more ambitious efficiency standards for passenger cars and the increased use of renewable energies in the heat, transport and electricity production sectors.Primary energy consumption in Germany decreases in this scenario by approx. 16 % by 2020 and by approx. 32 % by 2030 compared to 2008. The share of renewable energies increases by a factor of 2.2 by 2020 and by a factor of 2.8 by 2030 compared to 2008; overall the share of renewable energies in the primary energy supply increases to approx. 23 % by 2020 and to approx. 36 % by 2030
    corecore