68,004 research outputs found
The democratisation of party leadership selection: the Portuguese experience
In recent years, members of established political parties have received increased powers to select candidates and leaders. Several explanations have been advanced to account for this trend, focusing on the evolution of the political system, the characteristics of party systems or intra-party dynamics. The aim of this article is to examine the introduction of democratising reforms for leadership selection in Portuguese parties. Despite the high degree of centralisation and the low levels of internal participation, all governing parties have expanded membersâ rights during the last decade. The main findings suggest that party leaders have decided to change methods for leadership selection mainly for instrumental purposes in order to consolidate their internal power or gain electoral benefits. Moreover, this organisational transformation has had reduced effects on the internal party functioning. Regardless of these similarities, the data show that there are important differences between parties with regard to levels of participation and internal competition
Resistivity study of the pseudogap phase for (Hg,Re) - 1223 superconductors
The pseudogap phase above the critical temperature of high
superconductors (HTSC) presents different energy scales and it is currently a
matter of intense study. The complexity of the HTSC normal state requires very
accurate measurements with the purpose of distinguishing different types of
phenomena. Here we have performed systematically studies through electrical
resistivity () measurements by several different current densities in
order to obtain an optimal current for each sample. This approach allows to
determine reliable values of the pseudogap temperature , the layer
coupling temperature between the superconductor layers , the
fluctuation temperature and the critical temperature as
function of the doping . The interpretation of these different temperature
scales allows to characterize possible scenarios for the (Hg,Re) - 1223 normal
state. This method, described in detail here, and used to derive the
(Hg,Re)-1223 phase diagram is general and can be applied to any HTSC.Comment: 31 pages, 12 figures, Latex; 25 pages, LaTeX; 11 figures; rewrited
section II and III; added 18 reference; rewrited title, added discussion
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Nectaries and reproductive biology of croton sarcopetalus (euphorbiaceae)
Flower morphology, nectary structure, nectar chemical composition, breeding system, floral visitors and pollination were analysed in Croton sarcopetalus, a diclinous-monoecious shrub from Argentina. Male flowers have five receptacular nectaries, with no special vascular bundles, that consist of a uniserial epidermis with stomata subtended by a secretory parenchyma. Female flowers bear two different types of nectaries: inner (IN) and outer (ON) floral nectaries. IN, five in all, are structurally similar to the nectaries of male flowers. The five ON are vascularized, stalked, and composed of secretory, column-shaped epidermal cells without stomata subtended by secretory and ground parenchyma. In addition, ON act as post-floral nectaries secreting nectar during fruit ripening. Extrafloral nectaries (EFN) are located on petioles, stipules and leaf margins. Petiolar EFN are patelliform, stalked and anatomically similar to the ON of the female flower. Nectar sampled from all nectary types is hexose dominant, except for the ON of the female flower at the post-floral stage that is sucrose dominant. The species is self-compatible, but geitonogamous fertilization is rarely possible because male and female flowers are not usually open at the same time in the same individual, i.e. there is temporal dioecism. Flowers are visited by 22 insect species, wasps being the most important group of pollinators. No significant differences were found in fruit and seed set between natural and hand pollinated flowers. This pattern indicates that fruit production in this species is not pollen/pollinator limited and is mediated by a wide array of pollinators. © 2001 The Linnean Society of London.Fil: Freitas, Leandro. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Bernardello, Gabriel Luis Mario. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FĂsicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Galetto, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FĂsicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de BiologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Paoli, Adelita. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi
Literary Acoustics
Bringing together sound studies and intermediality theory, this essay revisits the notion of âliterary acousticsâ to inquire into the usefulness of intermediality studies for analyzing the relations between literature and sound. The second part of the essay is dedicated to an illustrative analysis of Ben Marcusâs highly experimental, noisy book The Age of Wire and String
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