11,562 research outputs found
On the use of machine learning algorithms in the measurement of stellar magnetic fields
Regression methods based in Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA) have become an
important tool for data analysis in many different disciplines.
In this work, we use MLA in an astrophysical context; our goal is to measure
the mean longitudinal magnetic field in stars (H_ eff) from polarized spectra
of high resolution, through the inversion of the so-called multi-line profiles.
Using synthetic data, we tested the performance of our technique considering
different noise levels: In an ideal scenario of noise-free multi-line profiles,
the inversion results are excellent; however, the accuracy of the inversions
diminish considerably when noise is taken into account. In consequence, we
propose a data pre-process in order to reduce the noise impact, which consists
in a denoising profile process combined with an iterative inversion
methodology.
Applying this data pre-process, we have found a considerable improvement of
the inversions results, allowing to estimate the errors associated to the
measurements of stellar magnetic fields at different noise levels.
We have successfully applied our data analysis technique to two different
stars, attaining by first time the measurement of H_eff from multi-line
profiles beyond the condition of line autosimilarity assumed by other
techniques.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&
Influence of disordered porous media in the anomalous properties of a simple water model
The thermodynamic, dynamic and structural behavior of a water-like system
confined in a matrix is analyzed for increasing confining geometries. The
liquid is modeled by a two dimensional associating lattice gas model that
exhibits density and diffusion anomalies, in similarity to the anomalies
present in liquid water. The matrix is a triangular lattice in which fixed
obstacles impose restrictions to the occupation of the particles. We show that
obstacules shortens all lines, including the phase coexistence, the critical
and the anomalous lines. The inclusion of a very dense matrix not only suppress
the anomalies but also the liquid-liquid critical point
Anomalies in a waterlike model confined between plates
Using molecular dynamic simulations we study a waterlike model confined
between two fixed hydrophobic plates. The system is tested for density,
diffusion and structural anomalous behavior and compared with the bulk results.
Within the range of confining distances we had explored we observe that in the
pressure-temperature phase diagram the temperature of maximum density (TMD
line), the temperature of maximum and minimum diffusion occur at lower
temperatures when compared with the bulk values. For distances between the two
layers below a certain threshold ,, only two layers of particles are
formed, for three or more layers are formed. In the case of three
layers the central layer stays liquid while the contact layers crystallize.
This result is in agreement with simulations for atomistic models
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Searching for Very High Energy Emission from Pulsars Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory
There are currently over 160 known gamma-ray pulsars. While most of them are
detected only from space, at least two are now seen also from the ground. MAGIC
and VERITAS have measured the gamma ray pulsed emission of the Crab pulsar up
to hundreds of GeV and more recently MAGIC has reported emission at
TeV. Furthermore, in the Southern Hemisphere, H.E.S.S. has detected the Vela
pulsar above 30 GeV. In addition, non-pulsed TeV emission coincident with
pulsars has been detected by many groups, including the Milagro Collaboration.
These GeV-TeV observations open the possibility of searching for
very-high-energy (VHE, > 100GeV) pulsations from gamma-rays pulsars in the HAWC
field of view.Comment: Presented at the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2015),
The Hague, The Netherlands. See arXiv:1508.03327 for all HAWC contribution
Network conduciveness with application to the graph-coloring and independent-set optimization transitions
We introduce the notion of a network's conduciveness, a probabilistically
interpretable measure of how the network's structure allows it to be conducive
to roaming agents, in certain conditions, from one portion of the network to
another. We exemplify its use through an application to the two problems in
combinatorial optimization that, given an undirected graph, ask that its
so-called chromatic and independence numbers be found. Though NP-hard, when
solved on sequences of expanding random graphs there appear marked transitions
at which optimal solutions can be obtained substantially more easily than right
before them. We demonstrate that these phenomena can be understood by resorting
to the network that represents the solution space of the problems for each
graph and examining its conduciveness between the non-optimal solutions and the
optimal ones. At the said transitions, this network becomes strikingly more
conducive in the direction of the optimal solutions than it was just before
them, while at the same time becoming less conducive in the opposite direction.
We believe that, besides becoming useful also in other areas in which network
theory has a role to play, network conduciveness may become instrumental in
helping clarify further issues related to NP-hardness that remain poorly
understood
The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant HII Regions. VI: W51A
We present K-band spectra of newly born OB stars in the obscured Galactic
giant H II region W51A and ~ 0.8'' angular resolution images in the J, H and
K_S-bands. Four objects have been spectroscopically classified as O-type stars.
The mean spectroscopic parallax of the four stars gives a distance of 2.0 \pm
0.3 kpc (error in the mean), significantly smaller than the radio recombination
line kinematic value of 5.5 kpc or the values derived from maser propermotion
observations (6--8 kpc). The number of Lyman continuum photons from the
contribution of all massive stars (NLyc ~ 1.5 x 10^{50} s^{-1}) is in good
agreement with that inferred from radio recombination lines (NLyc = 1.3 x
10^{50} s^{-1}) after accounting for the smaller distance derived here.
We present analysis of archival high angular resolution images (NAOS CONICA
at VLT and T-ReCS at Gemini) of the compact region W51 IRS2. The K_S--band
images resolve the infrared source IRS~2 indicating that it is a very young
compact HII region. Sources IRS2E was resolved into compact cluster (within 660
AU of projected distance) of 3 objects, but one of them is just bright extended
emission. W51d1 and W51d2 were identified with compact clusters of 3 objects
(maybe 4 in the case of W51d1) each one. Although IRS~2E is the brightest
source in the K-band and at 12.6 \micron, it is not clearly associated with a
radio continuum source. Our spectrum of IRS~2E shows, similar to previous work,
strong emission in Br and HeI, as well as three forbidden emission
lines of FeIII and emission lines of molecular hydrogen (H_2) marking it as a
massive young stellar object.Comment: 31 pages and 9 figures, submitted to A
Intervention effects in wh-chains: the combined effect of syntax and processing
This study in experimental syntax investigates the factors affecting the acceptability of embedded clauses featuring a left-dislocated phrase below a fronted wh-phrase. Sixty native speakers of French took part in an on-line acceptability judgment task including 45 critical items (with an intervening XP) and 20 baseline items (including grammatical and ungrammatical sentences with an embedded wh-dependency). Using Random Forest and Ordinal Regression analyses we demonstrate that Clitic Left Dislocated (CLLD) objects yield stronger intervention effects (except when they are pronouns) than CLLDed subjects. We argue this is due to excessive processing demands incurred when a wh-dependency features a CLLD chain that is not fully within its scope. A processing account also explains why pronouns are not disruptive of wh-chains
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