PoPe (Projection on Proper elements) for code control: verification, numerical convergence and reduced models. Application to plasma turbulence simulations

The Projection on Proper elements (PoPe) is a novel method of code control dedicated to 1) checking the correct implementation of models, 2) determining the convergence of numerical methods and 3) characterizing the residual errors of any given solution at very low cost. The basic idea is to establish a bijection between a simulation and a set of equations that generate it. Recovering equations is direct and relies on a statistical measure of the weight of the various operators. This method can be used in any dimensions and any regime, including chaotic ones. This method also provides a procedure to design reduced models and quantify the ratio costs to benefits. PoPe is applied to a kinetic and a fluid code of plasma turbulence

A business application of RTLS technology in Intelligent Retail Environment: Defining the shopper's preferred path and its segmentation

Over the last few years, shopper behaviour analysis in the retail environment has become an interesting topic both for managers who want to see the tangible impact of their trade marketing activities and researchers who are trying to identify new patterns or confirm known trends in this field. In such a context, technologies today play a central role, because of the possibility of implicitly observing how shoppers move inside the store, and collecting a wide data-set, through an unbiased approach, free from distortion. In this paper, we will describe the major outcomes from a study based on data collected through an innovative technology, Real Time Locating System (RTLS). We base our conclusions on a data-set, collected over three months of observations, composed of more than 18 million records transmitted by RTLS tags, monitoring the entire path of each shopper throughout the entire store area. The outcomes of our study are 1) the identification of the store's best performing areas based on traffic and dwell time metrics, 2) the development of a novel method to estimate the probability of in-store shopper paths and 3) a preliminary shopping trip segmentation